http://oceans.mit.edu America/New_York America/New_York America/New_York 20171105T020000 -0400 -0500 20181104T020000 EST 20180311T020000 -0500 -0400 EDT ai1ec-817099@oceans.mit.edu 20180502T144718Z Cambridge, MA –MIT’s Department of Earth, Atmospheres, and Planetary Sciences (EAPS) celebrates the 10th anniversary of the Cambridge Science Festival with engaging, family-friendly science exhibits and demonstrations around Cambridge, Massachusetts on April 22nd and 23rd. All MIT events are free and open to the public. April 22nd: Diving into the Pale Blue Dot Workshop: Fish ‘n’ Ships MIT Museum Revealed: Undersea Robotics Tour April 23rd: MIT Open House More on EAPS Science Festival events here. 20160422 20160424 MIT, Cambridge, MA 0 Cambridge Science Festival ai1ec-820918@oceans.mit.edu 20180502T144718Z Special Events,WHOI Events Ms. Annie Doucette; 508.289.2543; adoucette@whoi.edu; http://web.whoi.edu/famos/wp-content/uploads/sites/18/2016/07/2016-Original-Meeting-Info-Package.pdf The Forum for Arctic Ocean Modeling and Observational Synthesis (FAMOS) is an international effort to focus on enhancing collaboration and coordination among arctic marine and sea ice modelers, theoreticians and observationalists based on a set of activities starting from generating hypotheses, to planning research included both observations and modeling, and to finalizing analyses synthesizing major results from the field studies and coordinated numerical experiments. FAMOS motivation and approach FAMOS project is motivated by and a logical continuation of more than 10-years of AOMIP (Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project, www.whoi.edu/projects/AOMIP) work demonstrating that that the arctic marine science community needs an informal forum to discuss, coordinate, plan and synthesize scientific activities. The AOMIP approach has been to leverage the existing financial support of each project participant for a comparative analysis of different models and scientific results. This approach has provided a unique opportunity to coordinate studies nationally and internationally via a set of carefully-planned numerical experiments covering the most important processes and interactions.  A clear advantage is that each participant is able to work with her/his specific research theme using simulation results from more than a single model and to analyze differences and test hypotheses using a multi-model suite of outputs.  The result is a synthesis that integrates observational and modeling efforts toward the overall goal of developing advanced Arctic models able to accurately reconstruct past, describe current, and predict future Arctic conditions. In this regard, FAMOS’s approach will be similar AOMIP’s one and we view FAMOS as a “collaboratory” i.e., a collaborative frame-work wherein modelers and observers discuss results, problems, and new ideas, all with the goals of model improvement and better understanding of the Arctic climate system. Participants include several speakers from MIT and WHOI. More information here and here.Tickets: http://web.whoi.edu/famos/meeting-5-november-1-4-2016/. 20161101 20161105 +41.526498;-70.673086 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution @ Woods Hole, Falmouth, MA, USA 0 Forum for Arctic Modeling & Observational Synthesis external arctic,FAMOS,modeling,ocean,sea ice,whoi http://web.whoi.edu/famos/meeting-5-november-1-4-2016/ bhna718bd2l6qts3jiion6vg5k@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography 20171012 20171013 0 TBA 83rrcno47f5rumaeclvp2d6114@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20150505T150000 20150505T160000 Clark 507 0 Amala Mahadevan, WHOI. ‘Eddy-driven subduction of particulate organic carbon and oxygen from the North Atlantic spring bloom ‘. Clark 507. h4sofbi5ibsgevrin97kepp44k@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch Abstract: A major question in how we approach climate change and its impact on the carbon cycle is at what level of granularity must we understand phytoplankton diversity. The phytoplankton that mediate CO2 uptake in the marine biosphere are tremendously diverse, non-homogeneously distributed and oftentimes physiologically ill-characterized. Additionally, they live among non-photosynthetic microbes from the three domains of life – creating a complex network of chemical exchanges and physical interactions. Microbial oceanographers frequently employ genome and environmental sequence analyses to tackle these topics, and yet many genes and features of genomes expressed in nature are of unknown function. By investigating this material in the lab and field we are discovering key, previously unidentified environmental controls and responses of phytoplankton as well as distributional information. Here, we will explore phytoplankton diversity and factors for bloom development at three levels of granularity – basic growth requirements in the context of microbial networks (in this case vitamins), evolutionary divergence (in connection to nutrient limitation), and population connectivity through deep ocean currents (using repetitive, gene-interrupting sequences). Through iterative modeling, lab, and field experiments it should be possible to test and integrate ecologically relevant levels of microbial diversity to understand primary production in transitioning ecosystems. 20150506T121000 20150506T130000 54-915 0 SLS – Alex Worden (Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute) Phytoplankton, microbial networks and the global carbon cycle e9kl3qtlgunh2po6ib0kspvuto@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | Microbial Systems and Beyond (Parsons Lab) Microbial Systems Seminar https://microbialsystems.wordpress.com/spring-2015/ Apr 29 Mathieu Groussin, Alm Lab, MIT “Disentangling the effects of host phylogeny and diet in mammalian microbiomes." Seminars take place in the Parsons Laboratory for Environmental Science and Engineering [MIT building 48 room 316] on Wednesdays between 4:00-5:00PM. 20150506T160000 20150506T170000 0 Mathieu Groussin – “Disentangling the effects of host phylogeny and diet in mammalian microbiomes.” srcsenv4qa9tj0iulgqgf37mfc@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography The evolution of crustacean metamorphosis: Integrating phylogenomics,fossils, and development Dr. Jo Wolfe Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, MIT and Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History Abstract 20150507T120000 20150507T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Jo Wolfe eu60niksodc53b8umgblu9hq3s@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry http://eps.jhu.edu/directory/naomi-levin/ 20150508T100000 20150508T110000 E25-117 0 COG3 Seminar – Naomi Levin (Johns Hopkins University) 9vmm93g6p7gf3u8an5pue6p2i4@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Houghton Lectures David Battisti Professor of Atmospheric Sciences Univ. of Washington 20150508T140000 20150508T153000 MIT, 54-915 0 Houghton Lecture – Quantifying climate forcings and feedbacks in coupled climate simulations of the last millennium. ub84g3og21o7js7ossrvn7saig@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography The Brazil Current is probably the least known and explored of the western boundary currents of the world ocean. In this talk, we offer an overview of research carried out at the Oceanographic Institute of the University of São Paulo (IOUSP) on this current system's pattern, water masses and mesoscale variability. By blending small quasi-synoptic data sets, mooring data and simple process-oriented modeling, we propose an extension of the seminal work by Henry Stommel (1965). The BC system is described from its site of origin (~15S) to where its starts to separate from the continental margin, south of 35S. 20150512T150000 20150512T160000 Clark 507 0 Ilson da Silveira, Universidade de São Paulo. ‘The Brazil Current revisited: Beyond Stommel’s (1965) pioneering insights’. Clark 507. e0lr5udf6dcsor5o2cbs9fui2o@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch The Antarctic Slope Front (ASF) almost completely encircles the Antarctic continent, separating cold shelf waters from relatively warm Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) at mid-depth offshore. Exchanges across the ASF transport CDW toward marine-terminating glaciers, and export Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) to the abyssal ocean. Recent studies indicate that this exchange may be modulated by mesoscale eddies, which facilitate cross-slope exchanges via stirring along isopycnals and eddy bolus transports. In this seminar I will discuss physical controls over the rates of cross-slope water mass exchange, and examine the dynamical balances governing cross-slope eddy transfer. I will first present a recently-developed eddy-resolving process model of the Antarctic continental shelf and slope. The model enforces realistic offshore ocean stratification over idealized shelf/slope bathymetry, in order to provide a realistic representation of the water masses in a configuration that can be analyzed cleanly. The model forcing includes a westward wind stress over the continental slope and buoyancy loss on the continental shelf, consistent with prevailing Antarctic easterly winds and brine rejection in coastal polynyas. I will use this model to explore the sources of eddy kinetic energy (EKE) over the continental slope, and its resulting impact on the cross-slope transport of mass and tracers. I will show that the upper-ocean dynamics resemble the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, with wind-driven northward shoaling of the pycnocline resisted by baroclinic conversion of potential energy to EKE. By contrast, close to the ocean bed (at the CDW/AABW interface) potential energy is removed by both the wind-driven mean overturning and the generation of baroclinic eddies, and is instead sourced from the buoyancy loss on the continental shelf. This EKE source turns out to be sensitive to variations in the model surface forcing and bathymetry. Consequently, relatively small changes in the forcing and geometry can produce a substantial rearrangement of the water mass pathways and volume transports across the continental slope. These findings suggest that shoreward eddy transport of CDW should be localized to a few favorable locations around the Antarctic shelf break, and that future changes in the easterly wind strength or coastal polynya productivity could significantly alter the shoreward heat transport and the properties of the outflowing AABW. 20150513T121000 20150513T130000 54-915 0 SLS – Andrew Stewart (UCLA) – Eddy transport and mixing across the Antarctic continental slope ogg9r5fr7ahv706t7amre146f8@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | Microbial Systems and Beyond (Parsons Lab) Microbial Systems Seminar https://microbialsystems.wordpress.com/spring-2015/ May 13 Jennifer Talbot, Boston University “Microbial diversity and the carbon cycle: insights from soil fungal communities” Seminars take place in the Parsons Laboratory for Environmental Science and Engineering [MIT building 48 room 316] on Wednesdays between 4:00-5:00PM. 20150513T160000 20150513T170000 15 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 0 CANCELLED – Jennifer Talbot – “Microbial diversity and the carbon cycle: insights from soil fungal communities” pr7hbd1l3ko37qtqmml8huqa7k@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Molecular Physiology of Calanus finmarchicus Dr. Ann Tarrant Associate Scientist WHOI Biology Department Abstract 20150514T120000 20150514T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Ann Tarrant fifj494qb1lu2nt5j49v9jala0@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch Abstract: Fixed nitrogen availability can regulate atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and climate as a whole. Its loss via two anaerobic microbial processes – anammox and denitrification – only occurs where oxygen is sufficiently depleted. Field experiments in the tropical Pacific oxygen minimum zone resolve two long-standing debates critical to understanding global climate. While very low oxygen concentrations are required for fixed nitrogen loss by either anammox or denitrification, organic matter quantity and quality determine the magnitudes of these rates and the partitioning between the two pathways. Dissolved oxygen concentrations also decouple the denitrification steps, allowing for net production of nitrous oxide and accentuating the importance of the oxygen and nitrogen cycles in regulating climate. 20150514T133000 20150514T143000 54-915 0 SLS – Andrew Babbin (MIT) Anaerobic cycling of marine nitrogen f9n7q1clvrqar5vn39me4mnrtk@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Houghton Lectures Dr. William Randel Senior Scientist and Head for Remote Sensing, Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, NCAR The global upper troposphere - lower stratosphere (UTLS) is a transition region of strong dynamical and chemical variability, with contrasts in circulation and chemical behavior between the troposphere and stratosphere. This region exhibits complex dynamical, radiative, and chemical characteristics that place stringent requirements on observing and modeling systems. These lectures will focus on a series of topics related to the observed behavior of UTLS circulation, transport and chemical variability, as derived from satellite measurements combined with meteorological data sets. 20150519T110000 20150519T120000 MIT, 54-915 0 Houghton Lecture – Overview and Global Circulation giej4fotj8s93pcbu6239r3et8@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography The impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and large-scale climate is assessed using simulations with three different climate models. Perturbation experiments are conducted in which a pattern of anomalous heat flux corresponding to the NAO is added to the model ocean; in companion experiments no such flux is added. Differences between the experiments illustrate how the model ocean and climate system respond to the NAO. A positive phase of the NAO tends to strengthen the AMOC by extracting heat from the subpolar gyre, thereby increasing deepwater formation, horizontal density gradients, and the AMOC. The flux forcings have the spatial structure of the observed NAO, but the amplitude of the forcing varies sinusoidally in time with distinct periods varying from 2 to 200 years. The response of the AMOC to NAO variations is small at short time scales, but increases up to the dominant time scale of internal AMOC variability (20-30 years for the models used). The amplitude of the response of the AMOC, and associated oceanic heat transport, is approximately constant as the timescale of the forcing is increased further. In contrast, the response of other properties, such as hemispheric surface air temperature or Arctic sea ice, continues to increase as the time scale of the forcing becomes progressively longer. The larger response of temperature and sea ice at progressively longer time scales is associated with an increased impact of radiative feedback processes. The impact of the NAO-induced AMOC variations extends to the Southern Ocean as well, inducing variations in surface and interior ocean properties. This relationship results in some skill in decadal prediction of aspects of the Southern Ocean. 20150519T150000 20150519T160000 Clark 201 0 Tom Delworth, GFDL. ‘The impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation on climate through its influence on the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation’. Clark 201. g3ehmberbdu54vh6631pnu10ug@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch Abstract: During the termination of the last ice age, atmospheric CO2 increased by ~30% and global temperature rose by several degrees, yet the mechanism(s) driving these major changes remain elusive. Marine and terrestrial records indicate that the amount of CO2 stored in the deep sea is greater during glacial periods than interglacial periods. The implied net transfer of carbon into and out of the ocean is likely the result of changes in ocean circulation and/or the efficiency of the biologic pump. The resulting atmospheric CO2 fluctuations may play some role in amplifying temperature shifts across ice age cycles. In this study, we reconstruct past variations in seawater carbonate ion concentration in order to gain insight into the relative roles of different oceanic CO2 storage mechanisms and to place constraints on the timing, magnitude, and location of subsequent deep ocean ventilation. Our reconstruction is based on the trace element and stable isotopic composition of calcite shells of the epi-benthic foraminifer Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi from a sediment core in New Zealand's Bay of Plenty. The sediment core site (1,627 m water depth) lies within the upper limit of modern Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW), ~500 m below the local Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) salinity minimum. A record of ΔCO32- derived from the foraminiferal boron to calcium ratio (B/Ca) provides evidence for greater ice-age storage of respired CO2 and also reveals abrupt deglacial shifts in inorganic carbon chemistry up to 30 µmol/kg (5 times larger than the difference between average LGM and Holocene values). The rapidity of these deglacial changes in the ocean interior suggests 1) fluctuations in the intermediate-deep water boundary near the core site, and/or 2) rapid changes in deep water composition. Additional records are currently being reconstructed to probe these possibilities. 20150520T121000 20150520T130000 54 915 0 SLS – Katherine Allen (Rutgers University) The Ocean’s Role in Ending an Ice Age: A View from the South Pacific 0c20di68jierltgmugq4quf6pc@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | Microbial Systems and Beyond (Parsons Lab) Microbial Systems Seminar https://microbialsystems.wordpress.com/spring-2015/ May 20 "Metabolic inference: Can we bridge the gap between microbial community structure and ecosystem function?" Jeff Bowman Postdoctoral Fellow Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory www.polarmicrobes.org Seminars take place in the Parsons Laboratory for Environmental Science and Engineering [MIT building 48 room 316] on Wednesdays between 4:00-5:00PM. 20150520T160000 20150520T170000 15 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 0 Jeff Bowman – “Metabolic inference: Can we bridge the gap between microbial community structure and ecosystem function?” nomjqudjmlgo5l9q72orgmks5o@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Houghton Lectures Dr. William Randel Senior Scientist and Head for Remote Sensing, Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, NCAR The global upper troposphere - lower stratosphere (UTLS) is a transition region of strong dynamical and chemical variability, with contrasts in circulation and chemical behavior between the troposphere and stratosphere. This region exhibits complex dynamical, radiative, and chemical characteristics that place stringent requirements on observing and modeling systems. These lectures will focus on a series of topics related to the observed behavior of UTLS circulation, transport and chemical variability, as derived from satellite measurements combined with meteorological data sets. 20150521T110000 20150521T120000 MIT, 54-915 0 Houghton Lecture – Stratospheric Temperature Trends t3bv4b3p5a7r3ke93mf97b0nm8@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Houghton Lectures Dr. William Randel Senior Scientist and Head for Remote Sensing, Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, NCAR The global upper troposphere - lower stratosphere (UTLS) is a transition region of strong dynamical and chemical variability, with contrasts in circulation and chemical behavior between the troposphere and stratosphere. This region exhibits complex dynamical, radiative, and chemical characteristics that place stringent requirements on observing and modeling systems. These lectures will focus on a series of topics related to the observed behavior of UTLS circulation, transport and chemical variability, as derived from satellite measurements combined with meteorological data sets. 20150526T110000 20150526T120000 MIT, 54-915 0 Houghton Lecture – Asian monsoon anticyclone 6ccmrqqsetuqttr3b0u5iohm7o@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20150526T150000 20150526T160000 Clark 507 0 Ken Brink, WHOI. ‘Continental shelf baroclinic instability with fluctuating wind forcing’. Clark 507 vvbkd9tl87kjotiqupdb4ao140@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch 20150527T121000 20150527T130000 54-915 0 SLS mm9hojplisf5pp3g1ptkpsfflk@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Houghton Lectures Dr. William Randel Senior Scientist and Head for Remote Sensing, Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, NCAR The global upper troposphere - lower stratosphere (UTLS) is a transition region of strong dynamical and chemical variability, with contrasts in circulation and chemical behavior between the troposphere and stratosphere. This region exhibits complex dynamical, radiative, and chemical characteristics that place stringent requirements on observing and modeling systems. These lectures will focus on a series of topics related to the observed behavior of UTLS circulation, transport and chemical variability, as derived from satellite measurements combined with meteorological data sets. 20150528T110000 20150528T120000 MIT, 54-915 0 Houghton Lecture – Stratopheric water vapor 2vd8fahrdi36qot6mkdk84k9cg@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Physical Control of the Distributions of a Key Arctic Copepod in the Northeast Chukchi Sea Mr. Stephen Elliott MIT-WHOI Joint Program and U.S. Coast Guard Abstract 20150528T120000 20150528T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Mr. Stephen Elliott pvh55vrk3hj3fp22qqs9ptn7c0@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Houghton Lectures Dr. William Randel Senior Scientist and Head for Remote Sensing, Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, NCAR The global upper troposphere - lower stratosphere (UTLS) is a transition region of strong dynamical and chemical variability, with contrasts in circulation and chemical behavior between the troposphere and stratosphere. This region exhibits complex dynamical, radiative, and chemical characteristics that place stringent requirements on observing and modeling systems. These lectures will focus on a series of topics related to the observed behavior of UTLS circulation, transport and chemical variability, as derived from satellite measurements combined with meteorological data sets. 20150601T110000 20150601T120000 MIT, 54-915 0 Houghton Lecture – Tropical tropopause layer 1mhk2k6n73243epihbavrpp13c@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20150602T150000 20150602T160000 Clark 507 0 Uriel Zajaczkovski, Scripps. ‘Southern Ocean eddies: propagation, energy sources and the role of topography’. Clark 507. ff8acuj0ouic1ga8g808v7meo0@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch 20150603T121000 20150603T130000 54-915 0 SLS 0s95uep1qshbtthh4mjo86v934@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Houghton Lectures Dr. William Randel Senior Scientist and Head for Remote Sensing, Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, NCAR The global upper troposphere - lower stratosphere (UTLS) is a transition region of strong dynamical and chemical variability, with contrasts in circulation and chemical behavior between the troposphere and stratosphere. This region exhibits complex dynamical, radiative, and chemical characteristics that place stringent requirements on observing and modeling systems. These lectures will focus on a series of topics related to the observed behavior of UTLS circulation, transport and chemical variability, as derived from satellite measurements combined with meteorological data sets. 20150603T133000 20150603T143000 MIT, 54-915 0 Houghton Lecture – Tropical variability observed in GPS data cavlmq4vhjc0akk4uq7euepp3o@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Enhancing the conservation of river herring through ecological investigation Dr. Andrew Jones Postdoctoral Scholar WHOI Biology Department Abstract 20150604T120000 20150604T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Andrew Jones poltmskhe21j1ic87v76rhesf8@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20150609T150000 20150609T160000 Clark 201 0 Young-Oh Kwon, WHOI. ‘Year-to-year re-outcropping of Eighteen Degree Water in an eddy-resolving ocean simulation’. Clark 201. 0dgmiq693qkgb4m0iotgb1sib8@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | Microbial Systems and Beyond (Parsons Lab) Microbial Systems Seminar https://microbialsystems.wordpress.com/spring-2015/ June 10 *** Note unusual time: 1:00-2:00 PM" "Exploiting Anaerobes for Biomass Breakdown and Sustainable Chemistry" Michelle O'Malley University of California, Santa Barbara http://omalleylab.weebly.com/ Seminars take place in the Parsons Laboratory for Environmental Science and Engineering [MIT building 48 room 316] on Wednesdays . 20150610T130000 20150610T140000 0 Michelle O’Malley – “Exploiting Anaerobes for Biomass Breakdown and Sustainable Chemistry” 9ivhkfp07e5p4n8cvqmj3ai6v0@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Tune in, turn on, drop out: Soundscapes as a larval settlement cue for reef-building marine invertebrates Dr. Ashlee Lillis Postdoctoral Scholar WHOI Biology Department Abstract 20150611T120000 20150611T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Ashlee Lillis daes58s3elgu9tgm8pvh74aa30@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20150616T150000 20150616T160000 Clark 507 0 Tom Connolly, WHOI. ‘Surface waves and exchange across the inner shelf’. Clark 507. bqa9bbg5pik429ss56tsoauhv4@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Who you hang out with matters: Indirect genetic effects on cooperation in guppies, Poecilia reticulata Dr. Bronwyn Heather Bleakley Assistant Professor of Biology Stonehill College Abstract 20150618T120000 20150618T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Bronwyn Heather Bleakley 41i45du12hj9p5elhg8b88rab8@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20150618T140000 20150618T150000 Clark 201 0 Sanjeeva Balasuriya, University of Adelaide. ‘Flow barriers and flux in unsteady flows’. Clark 201 rt5o22uqg1jm1jk48nkek6b99c@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20150623T150000 20150623T160000 Clark 507 0 Larry Pratt, WHOI. ‘Resonant stirring and mixing in an idealized model of an eddy’. Clark 507. cc2ukdhr849h4q2tqrjfg1l190@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Social behaviour: linking the individual to group function Sofia Ibarraran, Ph.D. Guest Researcher Virginia Edgcomb Lab, WHOI Abstract 20150625T120000 20150625T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Sofia Ibarraran 54vndurckkf737eknmjqml0j58@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20150625T140000 20150625T150000 Clark 507 0 Pierre-Yves Passaggia, UNC. ‘Bifurcation and global stability analysis of horizontal convection.’ Clark 507 ehlikb3q0cnm611oo4gq9jvj70@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20150630T150000 20150630T160000 Clark 507 0 Raffaele Ferrari, MIT. ‘Turning ocean mixing upside down’. Clark 507. vgk0clshhmbn65nmbifavs0518@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Ecosystem evolution in the wake of ice shelf disintegration along the NW Weddell Sea, Antarctica Dr. Mattias Cape Postdoctoral Scholar WHOI Abstract 20150702T120000 20150702T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Mattias Cape v64t7cuibqlarnl27an3i6beb4@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20150707T150000 20150707T160000 Clark 507 0 Tom Sanford and Ren-Chieh Lien, APL-UW. ‘The Hunt for the Elusive Vortical Mode’. Clark 507 rkpfl4jp1temrr3g10gbt6gcns@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Interactions between jellyfish and marine fish and fisheries: insights into fisheries sustainability Dr. Richard Brodeur Senior Scientist Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Abstract 20150709T120000 20150709T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Richard Brodeur 8ruuglad8cl6d9snsskla1o4d8@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography Mixing in near-integrable flows with a clear separation of time or spacial scales is notoriously difficult to achieve. In many flows the intrinsic symmetries create invariant surfaces that act as barriers to chaotic advection and mixing. Thus, a key to efficient mixing is to add to the original (symmetric) flow a certain kind of perturbation that destroys those symmetries. In the present talk we discuss a quantitative long-time theory of mixing due to the presence of resonances in 3-D near-integrable Stokes flows. The resonance phenomena, such as scattering on resonance, capture into resonance, and separatrix crossings, involving different components of the original flow and the perturbation may destroy the invariant surfaces, paving a way to the large-scale mixing in a big fraction of the fluid flow. We explain the extend and the rate of mixing in terms of the evolution of the adiabatic invariants of the system. We show that when the leading phenomenon is scattering on resonances or separatrix crossings, the resulting mixing can be described in terms of a single 1-D diffusion-type equation, with parameters of the diffusion equation defined by the averaged statistics of a single passage through resonance or separatrix. 20150709T140000 20150709T150000 Clark 201 0 Dmitri Vainchtein, Temple University. ‘Resonances and Mixing in Multi-scale Flows’. Clark 201 k2a6v78es75p0tkb85oep69808@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20150714T150000 20150714T160000 Clark 507 0 Laura Slivinski, WHOI. ‘Applications of Lagrangian Data Assimilation to Katama Bay, MA’. Clark 507. qmea5cild7c37mqh7ietcl8vcg@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Asking the Auks About Atlantic Arctic Abnormalities Dr. Nina Karnovsky Associate Professor, Pomona College and Visiting Scientist, MBL Abstract 20150716T120000 20150716T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Nina Karnovsky trl8okotv6pj6iin45vtmlc4jo@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20150716T140000 20150716T150000 Clark 201 0 Alex Soloviev, Nova Southeastern U. ‘3D Dynamics of the Near-Surface Layer of the Ocean: Field and Computational Fluid Dynamics Experiments’. Clark 201 dmbu7fjup8o2vqslmj9ambf1j4@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography The interaction between an Antarctic Circumpolar Current-like channel flow and a continental shelf break is considered using eddy-permitting simulations of a quasi-geostrophic and a primitive equation model. The experimental setup is motivated by the continental shelf of the West Antarctica Peninsula. Numerical experiments are performed to study how the width and slope of an idealized continental shelf topography affect the characteristics of the flow. The main focus is on the regime where the shelf break width is slightly greater than the eddy scale. In this regime, a strong baroclinic jet develops on the shelf break due to the locally stabilizing effect of the topographic slope. The velocity of this jet is set at first order by the gradient of the background barotropic geostrophic contours, which is dominated by the slope of the topography. At statistical equilibrium, an aperiodic cycle is observed. Initially, over a long stable period, an upper-layer jet develops over the shelf break. Once the vertical shear reaches the critical condition for baroclinic instability, the jet becomes unstable and drifts away from the shelf break. The cross-shelf mixing is intrinsically linked with the jet drifting, as most of the meridional flux occurs during this instability period. Investigation of the zonal momentum budget reveals that a strong Reynolds stress divergence inversion across the jet is associated with a drifting event, accelerating one flank of the jet and decelerating the other. The hypothesis that jet drifting may be due to one flank of the jet being more baroclinically unstable than the other, is tested using topographic profiles with variable curvatures. 20150721T150000 20150721T160000 Clark 201 0 Alon Stern, GFDL/Princeton U. ‘Instability and mixing of zonal jets along an idealized continental shelf break’. Clark 201 4f5ihduahg5bhbga9um5b86788@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20150728T150000 20150728T160000 Clark 507 0 Georgy Manucharyan, WHOI. ‘Wind-driven halocline dynamics of the Beaufort Gyre’. Clark 507. kbkeqvribk81n1cvjg7quj5npk@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Entanglement in North Atlantic right whales: sublethal impacts on drag, movement, and energetic cost Ms. Julie van der Hoop Ph.D. Candidate MIT-WHOI Joint Program Abstract 20150730T120000 20150730T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Ms. Julie van der Hoop qbhtrfh7gkrf198ofdo4clhslc@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20150804T150000 20150804T160000 Clark 507 0 Alexey Fedorov, Yale. ‘The “super” El Nino of 2014 that never happened and global warming hiatus.’ Clark 507 EC1760C8-CDD6-4052-8321-B2733CCA54F8 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Special Biology Department Event Redfield Auditorium, 3:30pm: Summer Student speed talks Redfield Lobby, 4:00pm: Poster session This event—with refreshments!—will feature the Biology Department’s Summer Student Researchers. We expect at least 12 students presenting. We will begin in the Redfield Auditorium with 1-slide, 2-minute speed talks given by each of the students to entice you to come visit their posters. The poster session will then be held in the Redfield Lobby. Please come and see the great research these students have been conducting this summer! 20150807T153000 20150807T180000 Redfield Auditorium and Lobby 0 Biology Department Summer Student Research Forum h6ko2jrbvbfstkfmkb98v7et3c@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20150811T150000 20150811T160000 Clark 507 0 Wilken-Jon von Appen, Alfred Wegener Institute. ‘Seasonal cycle of mesoscale instability of the West Spitsbergen Current’. Clark 507. ls6o7ub8auc2jkb0g616sie9l4@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20150818T150000 20150818T160000 Clark 507 0 Trevor McDougall, U. New South Wales, ‘How does the deep ocean manage to achieve upwelling since the interior diapycnal velocity is downwards? and, On the thermodynamics of seawater and frazil ice’, Clark 507 23gbqk88ctred6ivk8qibqcr10@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Please, …, I Want Some More - A Perspective on WHOI's "Business" Model Dr. Bernhard Peucker-Ehrenbrink Senior Scientist WHOI Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department 20150820T120000 20150820T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Bernhard Peucker-Ehrenbrink kiuh038rfcblv51dkiso35vac0@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20150824T140000 20150824T150000 Clark 201 0 Louis Clement, LDEO. ‘Generation of internal waves by eddies impinging at the western boundary of the North Atlantic’. Clark 201. 4fir0ubk8l1knopuj9k02c8rhg@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20150825T150000 20150825T160000 Clark 507 0 John Marshall, MIT. ‘Response of the ocean to volcanic eruptions’. Clark 507. k4fnk1engv8ecrajisvvdn8nqs@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Connectivity among populations -- the never ending story? Michael J. Kingsford, Ph.D Distinguished Professor College of Marine & Environmental Sciences James Cook University, Australia Abstract 20150903T120000 20150903T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Michael J. Kingsford qlu6l9k8sm4t8otarnnb6cvmkg@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Empowering the Woman Scientist Dr. Clarice Yentsch Adjunct Professor Nova Southeastern University Abstract **Sponsored by WHOI Women's Committee** 20150910T120000 20150910T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Clarice Yentsch eoscs2ep8hvtpdm2sesnj3d350@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry New Insights into Earth’s oxygenation 20150911T100000 20150911T110000 20150918T100000 20150925T100000 20151002T100000 20151009T100000 20151016T100000 20151023T100000 20151030T100000 20151106T100000 20151113T100000 20151120T100000 20151127T100000 20151204T100000 20151211T100000 20151218T100000 E25-119 FREQ=WEEKLY;COUNT=15;BYDAY=FR 0 COG3 Seminar – Noah Planavsky (Yale) 494vrr1rgff3hm9ok3dnii7u0o@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20150915T150500 20150915T160000 Clark 507 0 Magdalena Andres, WHOI. ‘Line W and SYNOP: Does Deep Cyclogenesis under Gulf Stream Meanders Influence the DWBC?’. Clark 507 tjt8djodhuj2o0rs2n05q2ncn0@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch The abyssal ocean during the last glacial period is widely believed to have been comparatively strongly salt stratified and close to the freezing point of sea water. Much of the support for that view is based on the work of McDuff, Schrag, Adkins, M. Miller and several others who analyzed the chlorinity and oxygen isotope ratios from the pore waters of deep sea cores. The data represent what, in terms of control theory, is termed a "terminal constraint". That theoretical framework is used to revisit the inferences about the LGM abyssal properties, and in particular, to understand the degree to which they are robust to sometimes plausible assumptions about the data. 20150916T121000 20150916T130000 54-915 0 SLS – Carl Wunsch (MIT)- Salinity and Temperature of the Abyssal Ocean at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) 20150918T100000-eoscs2ep8hvtpdm2sesnj3d350@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry 20150918T100000 20150918T110000 E25-119 0 COG3 Seminar – Clara Blättler (Princeton) jobcn33na9eg6af2iiso54alf0@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20150922T150500 20150922T160000 Clark 507 0 X. San Liang, Nanjing Institute of Meteorology. ‘Rigorous causality quantification between time series and applications to ocean data analysis’. Clark 507. sp1de2gn36rb15tpcgt2vona9k@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch 20150923T121000 20150923T131000 54-915 0 SLS – Trevor McDougall (UNSW) – The thermodynamics of the turbulent ocean and of ice; what we know and what things are still a puzzle m5tv3f6qp5dkv8o5d96s8ud6s8@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Omura’s whales (Balaenoptera omurai) off northwest Madagascar: a first ecological description of the species Dr. Salvatore Cerchio WHOI Guest Investigator Research Scientist New England Aquarium Abstract 20150924T120000 20150924T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Salvatore Cerchio 20150925T100000-eoscs2ep8hvtpdm2sesnj3d350@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry 20150925T100000 20150925T110000 E25-119 0 COG3 Seminar – Greg Henkes (Harvard) nll8o321cqot543r1th5heb75c@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20150929T150500 20150929T160000 Clark 507 0 M. Dolores Pérez-Hernández, WHOI. ‘The Canary Basin contribution to the seasonal cycle of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at 26ºN’. Clark 507. cro8mu7efln5cf3lqf30ma4u34@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch The Brazil Current (BC) is probably the least known and explored of the western boundary currents of the world ocean. In this talk, we offer a brief overview of the research carried out at the Oceanographic Institute of the University of São Paulo (IOUSP) on this current system's general pattern, water masses and meridionally changing vertical structure. We focus here on the latitude range (21S­26S) at which the BC vertical structure very closely approaches the one predicted in the seminal work by Henry Stommel (1965). We explore the spatial­ temporal variability and conduct some first­order dynamical studies of this "Stommelian" BC by blending quasi­synoptic data sets, mooring data and simple process oriented modeling. 20150930T121000 20150930T131000 54-915 0 SLS – Ilson Carlos Almeida da Silveira (LaDO) – A “Stommelian” Brazil Current at 21S-26S: vertical structure and mesoscale variability 20150930T160000-7spt55o3dc4vfua59bh4a2hnvs@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | Microbial Systems and Beyond (Parsons Lab) Microbial Systems Seminar https://microbialsystems.wordpress.com Jennifer Talbot Boston University "Microbial diversity and the carbon cycle: insights from soil fungal communities" https://microbesatbu.wordpress.com/ Seminars take place in the Parsons Laboratory for Environmental Science and Engineering [MIT building 48 room 316] on Wednesdays between 4:00-5:00PM. 20150930T160000 20150930T170000 MIT building 48-316, 15 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 0 Jennifer Talbot – “Microbial diversity and the carbon cycle: insights from soil fungal communities” 7spt55o3dc4vfua59bh4a2hnvs@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | Microbial Systems and Beyond (Parsons Lab) Microbial Systems Seminar https://microbialsystems.wordpress.com Speaker Home Title Page Seminars take place in the Parsons Laboratory for Environmental Science and Engineering [MIT building 48 room 316] on Wednesdays between 4:00-5:00PM. 20150930T160000 20150930T170000 20150930T160000 20151007T160000 20151014T160000 20151021T160000 20151028T160000 20151104T160000 20151111T160000 20151118T160000 20151125T160000 20151202T160000 20151209T160000 20151216T160000 MIT building 48-316, 15 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 FREQ=WEEKLY;UNTIL=20151216T210000Z;BYDAY=WE 0 Microbial Systems Seminar j10prucs4o1nimnteutbtuefb0@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography The capital-income breeding continuum in fishes Richard S. McBride, Ph.D. Supervisory Research Fishery Biologist, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, Woods Hole, MA Abstract 20151001T120000 20151001T130000 0 Dr. Richard S. McBride u4umqbrbhtpeipp8vktes60ics@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography Clark 507 20151006T150500 20151006T160000 the western Nordic Seas under changing atmospheric conditions'. Clark 507 0 Kjetil Våge, U. Bergen. ‘Wintertime convection in the western Nordic Seas under changing atmospheric conditions’. Clark 507 hsqb5mfg6baavv7utsoo79kv20@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch With the explosion of exoplanet discoveries and atmospheric characterization over the last decade, there is now the hope that in the near future, it will be possible to study the atmospheres of low mass, possibly Earthlike exoplanets. Interpreting these observations will be a grand challenge, because the diversity of rocky planet climates is likely to be enormous. Here I discuss the role that theory and idealized modeling can play in advancing our understanding of the possibilities. I present results on two key problems in exoplanet climate evolution: the loss of a planet’s water to space and the circulation (and possible nightside collapse) of atmospheres on tidally locked planets. I show that in both cases, scaling analysis allows the fundamentals of the problem to be understood in a robust and general way. I discuss the implications of these results for exoplanet habitability and the future search for biosignatures by groundand spacebased telescopes. 20151007T121000 20151007T131000 54-915 0 SLS – Robin Woodsworth (Harvard) – What can theory teach us about the climates of low-mass exoplanets? 20151009T100000-eoscs2ep8hvtpdm2sesnj3d350@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry A New Perspective on the Indian Monsoon from Paleogene to Holocene 20151009T100000 20151009T110000 E25-119 0 COG3 Seminar – Livu Giosan (WHOI) 87t795erdc0ok67ga6as2sgk2o@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20151013T150500 20151013T160000 Clark 507 0 Kerry Cook, U. Texas Austin. ‘The West African Monsoon: Dynamics of the monsoon jump and recent trends’. Clark 507. q08g85divlio3s4ek47ihnfoog@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch In situ cosmogenic nuclides are produced in surface materials exposed to cosmic radiation - cover a landscape with ice and production ceases; erode down into a landscape and nuclide concentrations quickly decrease. We used these simple observations to explore a new proxy for reconstructing past ice sheet variability- the 10Be concentration of sand in marine sediments adjacent to glaciated continents, which should reflect the exposure and erosion history on land before the sediment was deposited in the deep sea. This talk will present cosmogenic nuclide records from two Ocean Drilling Program cores off east Greenland and the ANDRILL-1B core next to the East Antarctic Ice Sheet spanning the past 8 Myr, as well as 10Be measurements on contemporary sediments emanating from the southern Greenland Ice Sheet today. Notable features of the Greenland record include a 50-fold long-term decline in 10Be concentration reflecting late Cenozoic ice-sheet growth, pronounced 10Be dips coincident with major ice-rafted debris pulses, considerable variability during the early Pleistocene, and low concentrations indistinguishable from contemporary sediments throughout the past 1 Myr. The Antarctic record, on the other hand, exhibits very low 10Be concentrations over its entire length, suggesting little to no subaerial exposure of land where the sediment was sourced from during the past 8 Myr. 20151014T121000 20151014T131000 54-915 0 SLS – Jeremy Shakun (Boston College)- Using cosmogenic isotopes in marine sediment cores to decipher long-term Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheet behavior 20151014T160000-7spt55o3dc4vfua59bh4a2hnvs@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | Microbial Systems and Beyond (Parsons Lab) Microbial Systems Seminar https://microbialsystems.wordpress.com Frederique Le Roux Station Biologique "Oyster as a model to investigate the functional units of Vibrio pathogenesis” http://www.sb-roscoff.fr/fr/le-roux-frederique/54 Seminars take place in the Parsons Laboratory for Environmental Science and Engineering [MIT building 48 room 316] on Wednesdays between 4:00-5:00PM. 20151014T160000 20151014T170000 MIT building 48-316, 15 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 0 Frederique Le Roux – “Oyster as a model to investigate the functional units of Vibrio pathogenesis” mei5e2dv5n7tve4rmlg1f0fkic@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20151015T140000 20151015T150000 Clark 201 0 Femke de Jong, Duke. ‘Eddies in the Labrador Sea: Part 2’ Clark 201 20151016T100000-eoscs2ep8hvtpdm2sesnj3d350@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry Deglaciation to dam removal: climatic and land-use controls on New England river processes 20151016T100000 20151016T110000 E25-119 0 COG3 Seminar – Noah Snyder (Boston College) br1kst6f32gqppv5fj4969cdhg@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20151020T150500 20151020T160000 Clark 201 0 Ali Mashayek, MIT. ‘Topographic Enhancement of Vertical Mixing in the Southern Ocean’. Clark 201 j02i76ignm8l356jekcpoq13i8@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch Many aspects of how natural phytoplankton communities change through time remain poorly understood, in large part because traditional organism-level sampling strategies are not amenable to high frequency, long duration application. To overcome aspects of this limitation, we developed the FlowCytobot series of automated submersible flow cytometers capable of rapid, unattended analysis of individual plankton cells for long periods of time. FlowCytobot and Imaging FlowCytobot use a combination of laser-based scattering and fluorescence measurements and video imaging of individual particles to enumerate and characterize cells ranging from picocyanobacteria to chaining-forming diatoms. When combined with automated processing and image classification, these observations make it possible to characterize taxonomic composition of plankton communities with unprecedented temporal resolution, ranging from hours to years. Multi-year time series from FlowCytobot and Imaging FlowCytobot are now being used to study bloom dynamics and community structure in US coastal waters. The high temporal resolution observations of single cell properties make it possible not only to characterize taxonomic composition and size structure, but also to quantify taxon-specific growth rates. Emerging results provide a wide range of insights including links between climate factors and interannual variability in seasonal blooms, decadal-scale shifts in community composition, ecologically important roles for taxon-specific parasites, and detection and characterization of harmful algal blooms. 20151021T121000 20151021T131000 54-915 0 SLS – Heidi Sosik (WHOI) – Bloom dynamics to climate change: Multi-scale observations of phytoplankton with autonomous flow cytometry 20151021T160000-7spt55o3dc4vfua59bh4a2hnvs@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | Microbial Systems and Beyond (Parsons Lab) Microbial Systems Seminar https://microbialsystems.wordpress.com Assaf Vardi Weizmann Institute of Science Title coming http://wwo.weizmann.ac.il/weizsites/vardi/ Seminars take place in the Parsons Laboratory for Environmental Science and Engineering *****Note unusual time & location for this event in the series: Time: 11:00-12:00 Location: MIT building 48 room 308 20151022T110000 20151022T120000 MIT building 48-308, 15 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 0 Assaf Vardi – Microbial Systems Seminar 19jflmm840agd1ivjdikaag9b4@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Dr. Helen Poynton Assistant Professor University of Massachusetts, Boston Emerging tools and frameworks for monitoring marine mussels, key indicators of coastal pollution Abstract 20151022T120000 20151022T130000 0 Dr. Helen Poynton mba735734800bulmbrcdtbpe9g@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20151027T150500 20151027T160000 Clark 507 0 Joern Callies, MIT. ‘The Role of Mixed Layer Instabilities in Submesoscale Turbulence’. Clark 507 vm82n0tt1i4ag6ja9dn5eut410@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch Fjords form a key link in the climate system by connecting glaciers of the Greenland Ice Sheet to the ocean. They are the gateways for importing oceanic heat to melt ice and for exporting meltwater into the ocean. Submarine melting in fjords has been implicated as a driver of dynamic glacier changes in the past several decades. However, there are no direct measurements of this melting, and little is known about the fjord processes that modulate melt rates and export meltwater. Here, we explore the drivers of fjord circulation and heat transport in Sermilik Fjord, near the terminus of Helheim Glacier. We investigate the competing roles of buoyancy forcing from the glacier and remote forcing from the shelf. Building on estuarine studies of salt fluxes, we assess the fluxes of heat and salt through the fjord and develop a new framework for inferring submarine melt rates from glacial fjord budgets. 20151028T121000 20151028T131000 54-915 0 SLS – Rebecca Jackson (MIT/WHOI) – Ocean-glacier interactions in Greenland: fjord dynamics and heat transport 20151028T160000-7spt55o3dc4vfua59bh4a2hnvs@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | Microbial Systems and Beyond (Parsons Lab) Microbial Systems Seminar https://microbialsystems.wordpress.com Kat Coyte University of Oxford Title coming https://www.maths.ox.ac.uk/people/katharine.coyte Seminars take place in the Parsons Laboratory for Environmental Science and Engineering [MIT building 48 room 316] on Wednesdays between 4:00-5:00PM. 20151028T160000 20151028T170000 MIT building 48-316, 15 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 0 Kat Coyte – “The ecology of the microbiome: networks, competition, and stability” 7ocknho75j7gsp6urits4iufkk@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography The evolutionary ecology of pond- breeding amphibians: From local populations to regional landscapes Dr. Jonathan Richardson Assistant Professor Providence College Abstract 20151029T120000 20151029T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Jonathan Richardson 20151030T100000-eoscs2ep8hvtpdm2sesnj3d350@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry 20151030T100000 20151030T110000 E25-119 0 COG3 Seminar – Molly McCanta (Tufts) ia3l3itiv88dpcsbmjid098k84@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20151103T150500 20151103T160000 Clark 201 0 PO postdocs, ‘5 minute introductions.’ Clark 201. npqli52ji7mdgvlfa620c1bg58@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch During the daytime, under conditions of relatively low winds and high solar insolation, the nearsurface ocean warms. This stratified diurnal warm layer traps momentum from the wind near the surface, generating shear across the layer. Horizontal advection associated with this diurnal warm layer shear is likely responsible for observed nearsurface freshening in the upper meter of the ocean during the SPURSI field campaign. This shear associated with the diurnal warm layer, a fractional depth of the deeper mixed layer, horizontally displaces water near the surface during the daytime converting horizontal gradients into vertical ones. At night, convection vertically mixes the horizontally displaced water throughout the deeper mixed layer. This cycle of advection and then vertical mixing is a mechanism for effective submesoscale lateral diffusion on the scale of 110 km. We will discuss a simplified representation of the mechanism, and estimates of effective submesoscale horizontal diffusivity for the mixed layer. The calculated effective diffusivity associated with this mechanism is 1100 m2/s, depending on the advective timescale, and depth and speed of the diurnal warm layer current. The importance of the daily cycle as a mechanism for smoothing lateral inhomogeneities within the mixed layer will be considered. Additionally, we examine how the advection associated with the diurnal warm layer may locally enhance or suppress the diurnal warming observed at a location. The frequency of occurrence of diurnal warm layers and global perspectives will be discussed. 20151104T121000 20151104T130000 54-915 0 SLS – Alec Bogdanoff (MIT/WHOI)- Submesoscale lateral mixing by diurnal warm layer shear 20151104T160000-7spt55o3dc4vfua59bh4a2hnvs@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | Microbial Systems and Beyond (Parsons Lab) Microbial Systems Seminar https://microbialsystems.wordpress.com Xinning Zhang Paulot Princeton University “Trace metals in the nitrogen cycle." http://scholar.princeton.edu/xinningz/home Seminars take place in the Parsons Laboratory for Environmental Science and Engineering [MIT building 48 room 316] on Wednesdays between 4:00-5:00PM. 20151104T160000 20151104T170000 MIT building 48-316, 15 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 0 Xinning Zhang Paulot – “The importance of alternative nitrogenases in N2 fixation in the past and present” j5b88on15farmvqji9nr4g1lds@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Fish responses to environmental chemicals: genotype to phenotype Dr. Jed Goldstone Research Specialist WHOI Biology Department Abstract 20151105T120000 20151105T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Jed Goldstone 20151106T100000-eoscs2ep8hvtpdm2sesnj3d350@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry 20151106T100000 20151106T110000 E25-119 0 COG3 Seminar – Ben Kocar (MIT) klvkq3t4adb3j87tla2e1i55to@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20151110T150500 20151110T160000 Clark 507 0 Susan Wijffles, CSIRO. ‘Detecting the footprint of anthropogenic climate forcing in the ocean’. Clark 507. h7groh3m547b89r8c6t3joqhuo@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20151112T140000 20151112T150000 Clark 201 0 Hedinn Valdimarsson, Marine Research Institute. ‘Oceanography in Icelandic waters’. Clark 201 20151113T100000-eoscs2ep8hvtpdm2sesnj3d350@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry Mantle pyroxenites: from asthenosphere to lithosphere 20151113T100000 20151113T110000 E25-119 0 COG3 Seminar – Veronique Le Roux (WHOI) m5o658pdgk6iqnnhfrkdh1s7to@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20151117T150500 20151117T160000 0 Robert Todd, WHOI. ‘Potential vorticity structure in the North Atlantic western boundary current from underwater glider observations’ Clark 507 9g2sb4helvoome98emc9t6fva8@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch I will present a suite of records from a 950 m-depth sediment core from the western North Atlantic, a site influenced by Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) in the modern ocean. The data suggest that northern sourced waters dominated the water mass mixture during the LGM, and that AAIW was shallower than ~850m. A d18O decrease early in Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1) is attributed to the incorporation of deglacial meltwater into the northern sourced waters that continued to influence the site. Two interpretations for the mid-to-late HS1 data will be discussed, having opposite implications for the vigor of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) during this interval. After HS1, the data conform to the consensus view of AMOC variability – increased AAIW presence during the Bolling-Allerod and the Holocene, when the AMOC was strong, and reduced AAIW presence during the Younger Dryas when the AMOC was weak. 20151118T120000 20151118T130000 54-915 0 SLS – Delia Oppo (WHOI) – Deglacial Atlantic circulation:evidence from multiproxy records from shallow western north Atlantic sediment cores 20151120T100000-eoscs2ep8hvtpdm2sesnj3d350@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry Shallow Landslide Hazards in a Changing Climate. (note the change in COG3 seminar time and location this week) 20151119T100000 20151119T110000 54-915 0 COG3 Seminar – Dino Bellugi (MIT) ru39o5vlt6rgs0me84l36b37m0@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Evolution and development of stinging nettle jellyfish Dr. Rebecca Helm Postdoctoral Researcher, Tarrant Lab WHOI Biology Department Abstract 20151119T120000 20151119T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Rebecca Helm hrpjs445bd351fal8s4ns2n4vs@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20151119T140000 20151119T150000 Clark 201 0 Gaetan Lerisson, Ecole Polytechnique. ‘Effect of mean current on the stability of internal gravity waves’. Clark 201 8jlf3c11org5b01aqc8irt4u5g@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch Diapycnal turbulent mixing in the Southern Ocean is believed to play a role in setting the rate of the ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC), an important element of the global climate system. Whether this role is important, however, depends on the strength of this mixing, which remains poorly qualified on global scale. To address this question, a passive tracer was released upstream of the Drake Passage in 2009 as a part of the Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean (DIMES). While the mixing rates inferred from vertical dispersion of the tracer are large and imply a key role played by mixing in setting the MOC, those based on localized microstructure measurements seem to suggest otherwise. In this work we use a high resolution numerical model of the Drake Passage region, sampled in the DIMES experiment and tuned to its observations, to explain that the difference between the two estimates arise from the large values of mixing encountered by the tracer when it flows close to the bottom topography. We conclude that enhanced bottom mixing, in combination with large lateral stirring and mixing by mesoscale eddies, is sufficiently strong to play an important role in setting the Southern Ocean branch of the MOC below 2 km. 20151125T120000 20151125T130000 54-915 0 SLS – Ali Mashayek (MIT) – Topographic Enhancement of Vertical Mixing in the Southern Ocean e6rv273dmrbnm36gt5jtusdf8o@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch Using a dynamically consistent state estimate, the vertical redistribution of oceanic heat is investigated over a 20-year period (1992-2011). The 20-year mean vertical heat flux shows strong variations both horizontally and vertically, consistent with the ocean being a dynamically active and spatially complex heat exchanger. Between mixing and advection, the two processes determining the vertical heat transport in the deep ocean, advection plays a more important role in setting the spatial patterns of vertical heat exchange. The global integral of vertical heat flux shows an upward heat transport in the deep ocean, suggesting an abyssal cooling trend over 1992-2011. The bidecadal change of the ocean vertical heat flux is also examined and provides dynamical insights into the global ocean heat content change. Preliminary results show that above 1500 m more heat is transported downward during 2002 2011 than 1992-2001. The spatial pattern of the vertical heat flux change shows consistent features with previous studies, such as more downward heat transport in the tropical Pacific and the North Atlantic during the last decade. Whereas the spatial pattern of vertical heat flux change is closely related to the advection change, its global integral is largely determined by the change in mixing, indicating a crucial role of ocean mixing in explaining the long-term change of ocean vertical heat exchange. 20151202T120000 20151202T130000 54-915 0 SLS – Xinfeng Liang (MIT) – Global Ocean Vertical Heat Flux and Its Bidecadal c7pliilcasbpm17nlvp8am53q8@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Dr. T. Aran Mooney Associate Scientist WHOI Biology Department Sounds to warm you on a cold winter’s day: Using coastal soundscapes to quantify coral reef communities and anthropogenic activities Abstract ***SPECIAL ACOUSTICS SEMINAR*** Sponsored by NMFS/NEFSC, CINAR, and the WHOI AOP&E and Biology Departments 20151202T121500 20151202T131500 NEFSC Stephen H. Clark Conference Room, NOAA Aquarium Building 0 Dr. T. Aran Mooney nls4iuq7l8nmmgr1hjuf3oabi0@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | Microbial Systems and Beyond (Parsons Lab) Microbial Systems Seminar https://microbialsystems.wordpress.com Sean Gibbons MIT “Protein expression levels constrain evolutionary trajectories during genome streamlining” http://almlab.mit.edu/sean_gibbons.html Seminars take place in the Parsons Laboratory for Environmental Science and Engineering [MIT building 48 room 316] on Wednesdays between 4:00-5:00PM. 20151202T160000 20151202T170000 MIT building 48-316, 15 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 0 Sean Gibbons – “Protein expression levels constrain evolutionary trajectories during genome streamlining” jujo1pden2a0fc03a4lf43e1f4@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20151203T140000 20151203T150000 Clark 201 0 Jesse Cusack, National Oceanography Center Southampton. ‘Isopycnal spice variance in the deep ACC’. Clark 201. 20151204T100000-eoscs2ep8hvtpdm2sesnj3d350@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry Accelerated Late Cretaceous exhumation in the White Mountains, NH: circum-Atlantic tectonism or climate change? 20151204T100000 20151204T110000 E25-119 0 COG3 Seminar – Will Amidon (Middlebury) vavb7716jhdup6bbspjogo9668@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20151208T150500 20151208T160000 Clark 507 0 Viviane Menezes, WHOI. ‘The circulation of the Indian Ocean: Unusual effect of salinity’. Clark 507. depq9vqumhk21urf23fh7g7qbc@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch There is considerable interest in determining how the full distribution of surface temperature changes with warming. Model ensembles project that extratropical land temperature variability will decrease in the future, consistent with simple physical arguments related to polar amplification. However, observational studies have thus far come to conflicting conclusions. Several analytical pitfalls in interpreting observational records lead to these discrepancies, and highlight the importance of accounting for non-normality and the effects of filtering, time-averaging, gridding, and smoothing. I will present a set of methods designed to overcome these challenges, which I apply to a large set of daily temperature observations to show that a decrease in temperature variability is already robustly detectable in the extratropics. 20151209T121000 20151209T131000 54-915 0 SLS- – Andy Rhines (UofWashington) – Observations and Dynamics of Decreasing Variability of Winter Temperatures 20151209T160000-7spt55o3dc4vfua59bh4a2hnvs@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | Microbial Systems and Beyond (Parsons Lab) Microbial Systems Seminar https://microbialsystems.wordpress.com Nichola Hill MIT “Evidence of seasonality in a host-pathogen system: Influenza across the annual cycle of wild birds” http://runstadlerlab.mit.edu/people/nichola-hill Seminars take place in the Parsons Laboratory for Environmental Science and Engineering [MIT building 48 room 316] on Wednesdays between 4:00-5:00PM. 20151209T160000 20151209T170000 MIT building 48-316, 15 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 0 Nichola Hill – “Evidence of seasonality in a host-pathogen system: Influenza across the annual cycle of wild birds” msglabmg6h3ukkeh4ehcalhkgk@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography The effect of elevated carbon dioxide on the shells, swimming, and sinking of a shelled pteropod from the Gulf of Maine Mr. Alexander Bergan Ph.D. Candidate MIT-WHOI Joint Program in Biological Oceanography Abstract 20151210T120000 20151210T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Mr. Alex Bergan f5lefkd12pr2nsoo70jpmp46ks@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch The Southern Ocean is one of the most energetic regions of the world ocean due to intense winds and storm forcing, strong currents in the form of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) interacting with steep topography, and enhanced mesoscale activity. Consequently, the Southern Ocean is believed to be a hotspot for enhanced oceanic mixing. Previous work based on finestructure parameterizations has suggested that strong mixing is also ubiquitous below the mixed layer. Results from a US/UK field program, however, showed that enhanced internal wave finestructure and turbulence levels are not widespread, but limited to frontal zones where strong bottom currents collide with steep largeamplitude topography. Direct measurements of turbulence showed that previous estimates of mixing rates in the upper 1km are biased high by up to two orders of magnitude. Despite the prevalence of energetic wind events, turbulence driven by downward propagating nearinertial wave shear is weak below the mixed layer. Inefficient wind forcing at nearinertial frequencies and seasonally varying upper ocean stratification likely contribute to the observed weak mixing rates. Double diffusive processes and turbulence both contribute to buoyancy flux, elevating the effective mixing efficiency above the canonical value of 0.2 in the upper 1km. Ultimately, this work informs largescale modeling efforts through parameterizations of mixing processes in the highly undersampled Southern Ocean. 20151216T121000 20151216T131000 54-915 0 Sophia Merrifield (MIT/WHOI) – Mechanisms for enhanced turbulence in the Drake Passage region of the Southern Ocean 20151216T160000-7spt55o3dc4vfua59bh4a2hnvs@google.com 20180502T144718Z MIT Seminar | Microbial Systems and Beyond (Parsons Lab) Microbial Systems Seminar https://microbialsystems.wordpress.com Mark Smith OpenBiome “Microbiome Engineering: from current practice to future therapy” http://www.openbiome.org/ Seminars take place in the Parsons Laboratory for Environmental Science and Engineering [MIT building 48 room 316] on Wednesdays between 4:00-5:00PM. 20151216T160000 20151216T170000 MIT building 48-316, 15 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 0 Mark Smith – “Microbiome Engineering: from current practice to future therapy” jkvphj4f0rrhnamens1g11fe2k@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Ecological interactions and adaptations to seasonality: the Arctic as a laboratory Dr. Øystein Varpe, Associate Professor The University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway Adjunct Senior Scientist, Akvaplan-niva, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway Abstract 20160114T120000 20160114T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Øystein Varpe u5uvgtcmulcp7lehapbrqe3h6c@google.com 20180502T144718Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160119T150500 20160119T160000 Clark 507 0 Jim Bisagni, U Mass Dartmouth. ‘Salinity variability along the eastern continental shelf of the Unites States and Canada, 1973-2013’. Clark 507. qsd42fm5fdv44u8bhftg3p48es@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Hydrothermal plumes and deep-sea pelagic biology: insights, challenges, and a new bioluminescence-based method for observing zooplankton distribution Mr. Brennan Phillips Ph.D. Candidate, Univ. of Rhode Island Graduate School of Oceanography Abstract 20160121T120000 20160121T130000 0 Mr. Brennan Phillips 6ak8j8naldca65bnmt2ehch300@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160126T150500 20160126T160000 Clark 507 0 Maike Sonnewald, MIT. ‘Ocean model utility dependence on horizontal resolution’. Clark 507. 72e5ghv5n9g00bhqf9h4v4i0a0@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Dr. John Stegeman, Senior Scientist, WHOI Biology Department Evolution of chemical-biological interactions: stochasticity and serendipity Dr. Samuel Laney, Associate Scientist, WHOI Biology Department Phytoplankton blooms in high latitude systems and - incidentally - what happens when you christen a vessel with water instead of champagne 20160128T153000 20160128T163000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Pint of Science – 20-minute Talks gag64q6k4rppibofnun8nmvlno@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160202T150500 20160202T160000 Clark 507 0 Tom Haine, Johns Hopkins. ‘Denmark Strait overflow kinematics’. Clark 507. a2ekjra8t0jbckpkddqqo1uvm4@google.com 20180502T144719Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch Quantitative and mechanistic understanding of the changes in atmospheric CO2 concentrations and ocean carbon content between glacial and interglacial periods remains lacking. An increase in the efficiency of the biological pump has been hypothesized to contribute to higher ocean carbon storage during glacial periods. Here we use a model of the ocean's biogeochemical cycles that includes both carbon (13C) and nitrogen (15N) isotopes but no sediment interactions. We present results from one present day simulation and six simulations of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ~20 ka before the present). The LGM simulations are idealized sensitivity experiments that explore effects of changes in maximum phytoplankton growth rates (mmax). Increasing mmax in the model leads to a more efficient biological pump, more carbon storage, and lower d13CDIC and oxygen concentrations. The resulting increase of denitrification stimulates additional nitrogen fixation and increases the spatial variance of d15NNO3, while decreasing the ocean’s fixed nitrogen inventory. Increased nitrogen fixation lowers surface d15NNO3 in most of the tropics. In the model’s Southern Ocean modest increases in mmax result in higher d15NNO3 due to enhanced local nutrient utilization, consistent with reconstructions, but larger mmax cause declining values there owing to the poleward transport of low tropical d15NNO3. Comparison to reconstructions from LGM sediments indicates that models with moderately increased mmax (by 16 - 33 %) fit both isotope data best, whereas large increases are inconsistent with nitrogen isotopes although they still fit the carbon isotopes reasonably well. The best fitting models reproduce major features of the glacial d13CDIC, d15N, and oxygen reconstructions, while simulating reduced carbon storage, compared with the pre-industrial ocean, due to lower preformed carbon concentrations. We conclude that the biological pump was more efficient during the LGM. However, sediment interactions and whole ocean alkalinity changes may be required to increase ocean carbon storage. Our analysis illustrates interactions between the carbon and nitrogen cycles as well as the complementary constraints provided by their isotopes. 20160203T120000 20160203T130000 54-915 0 SLS – Andreas Schmittner (Oregon State University) – Complementary Constraints from Carbon (13C) and Nitrogen (15N) Isotopes on the Efficiency of the Glacial Ocean’s Biological Pump 48ns06qmk86uukgfrei1om9fb4@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography The influence of sea ice and hydrography on phytoplankton blooms in the rapidly changing Chukchi Sea (Arctic Ocean) Ms. Kate E. Lowry Ph.D. Candidate, Stanford University Abstract 20160204T120000 20160204T130000 0 Ms. Kate E. Lowry 2h34vavglqdue109palq439p3k@google.com 20180502T144719Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry Investigating past climate-biosphere links: Speleothem-based climate reconstructions to constrain controls on Late Holocene forest expansion in South America 20160205T100000 20160205T110000 E25-119 0 COG3 Seminar – Corinne Wong (BC) 5fnr4l7t9jcg1cq0nvcksbs8qg@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160209T150500 20160209T160000 Clark 507 0 Anthony Kirincich, WHOI. ‘The importance of lateral variability on exchange across the inner shelf’. Clark 507 uksifljdddbbdn74o6ph44l3pk@google.com 20180502T144719Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch The accuracy of ocean components of climate models is thought to increase with resolution, and we examine this associated change in utility on a range of model fields. A 30-year integration (1978 to 2007) of the NEMO model at 1o, 1/4o and 1/12o is used to investigate the impact of modelling choices associated with horizontal resolution. Changes in degrees of freedom associated with the increasing resolution allow alternative energy dissipation pathways and their impact is assessed. A distinct strengthening of the anti-clockwise component of the overturning is found in the Southern Ocean, primarily owing to the baroclinic component. The mixed layer does not change significantly with resolution, with results comparable to observations. Minor changes with resolution are attributed to increased numbers of fronts with better resolution. In the interior, steric height variability, specifically its covariance between the surface (2000m) does change owing to eddy effects not captured by the Gent-McWilliams parametrization. Topographic interactions are assessed in terms of vortex stretching in the bottom pressure torque term. Major changes are found in the baroclinic component in the Southern Ocean. Low resolution appears appropriate for fields such as the mixed layer depth, but higher resolution is increasingly required for large scale features through allowing eddy activity. 20160210T120000 20160210T130000 54-915 0 SLS- Maike Sonnewald (MIT) – Ocean model utility dependence on horizontal resolution 40aal7a8ke2ji4r7vm5pot8j54@google.com 20180502T144719Z MIT Seminar | Microbial Systems and Beyond (Parsons Lab) Microbial Systems Seminar https://microbialsystems.wordpress.com Ewen Cameron "Synthetic biology tools to study microbial systems and engineer probiotic bacteria” Seminars take place in the Parsons Laboratory for Environmental Science and Engineering [MIT building 48 room 316] on Wednesdays between 4:00-5:00PM. 20160210T160000 20160210T170000 MIT building 48-316, 15 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 0 Ewen Cameron – “Synthetic biology tools to study microbial systems and engineer probiotic bacteria” p8hlu2i1n7oa7e9d4k529jikvk@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Darcy Taniguchi, Ph.D. Postdoctoral Researcher MIT The influence of predator:prey ratios on planktonic community diversity in a size-structured model of phyto- and microzooplankton Abstract 20160211T120000 20160211T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Darcy Taniguchi 14m4uvkacp2gos6n7mfqp63tv0@google.com 20180502T144719Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry Using Thallium Isotopes to Track Sediment Transport from Slab to Surface in the Aleutian Arc 20160212T100000 20160212T110000 E25 @ 119 0 COG3 Seminar – Sune Nielsen (WHOI) tnsjcpeh5qpej4g2icjak6f0u8@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160216T150500 20160216T160000 Clark 507 0 ‘Meet the PO students’. Clark 507. 8fmq0u02dfbgsq7o8fasosd454@google.com 20180502T144719Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch We investigate how sea surface temperatures (SSTs) around Antarctica respond to the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) on multiple timescales. To that end we examine the relationship between SAM and SST within unforced preindustrial control simulations of coupled general circulation models (GCMs) included in the Climate Modeling Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5). We develop a technique to extract the response of the Southern Ocean SST to a hypothetical step increase in the SAM index. We demonstrate that in many GCMs, the expected SST step response function is nonmonotonic in time. Following a shift to a positive SAM anomaly, an initial cooling regime can transition into surface warming around Antarctica. However, there are large differences across the CMIP5 ensemble. In some models the step response function never changes sign and cooling persists, while in other GCMs the SST anomaly crosses over from negative to positive values only three years after a step increase in the SAM. This intermodel diversity can be related to differences in the models' climatological thermal ocean stratification in the region of seasonal sea ice around Antarctica. Exploiting this relationship, we use observational data for the time-mean meridional and vertical temperature gradients to constrain the real Southern Ocean response to SAM on fast and slow timescales. 20160217T120000 20160217T130000 54-915 0 SLS- Yavor Kostov (MIT) – Fast and slow responses of Southern Ocean SST to SAM in coupled climate models aobp2r0b268m51n9iso0sdo5vc@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Population genomics of the rapidly invading lionfish, Pterois volitans Ms. Eleanor K. Bors Ph.D. Candidate, Biological Oceanography WHOI Biology Department Abstract 20160218T120000 20160218T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Ms. Eleanor K. Bors pd83a411shko775gr35jaqg9fc@google.com 20180502T144719Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry The underground economy (bioenergetics of subseafloor sedimentary life) 20160219T100000 20160219T110000 E25-119 0 COG3 Seminar – Steve D’Hondt (URI) 9m1u51acc0ha532q6dquijc7ds@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160223T150500 20160223T160000 0 Canceled d0slspp5961tntgtd19c85mbos@google.com 20180502T144719Z MIT Seminar | Microbial Systems and Beyond (Parsons Lab) Microbial Systems Seminar https://microbialsystems.wordpress.com Stefan Thiele “LOHAFEX – Lessons from the last iron fertilization experiment” Seminars take place in the Parsons Laboratory for Environmental Science and Engineering [MIT building 48 room 316] on Wednesdays between 4:00-5:00PM 20160224T160000 20160224T170000 MIT building 48-316, 15 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 0 Stefan Thiele – “LOHAFEX – Lessons from the last iron fertilization experiment” 8t1ep6q888abq17kie34nomf4g@google.com 20180502T144719Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry How did plate tectonics begin? 20160226T100000 20160226T110000 54 @ 915 0 COG3 Seminar – Michael Brown (University of Maryland) 4ae98dvnh95t652m37nklmqlfc@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160301T150500 20160301T160000 0 Debasis Sengupta, Indian Inst. Sci. ‘Monsoon rain, river runoff, and Bay of Bengal salinity’. Clark 507 rpqjccranqb6v7lfuffo3h6rm4@google.com 20180502T144719Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch 20160302T120000 20160302T130000 54-915 0 SLS-Lorenzo Polvani (Columbia)- zone extremes in the Arctic, and their impact on surface climate vapf7nju7qg6vd4b0bedvhi634@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Coral reef soundscapes: spatiotemporal variability is linked to reef biota Mr. Max Kaplan Ph.D. Candidate, Biology Department WHOI Abstract 20160303T120000 20160303T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Mr. Max Kaplan s4j6kjemhi47ev09qa7prtjtm0@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160307T110000 20160307T120000 Clark 507 0 Shota Katsura, U Tokyo. ‘Structure and variation of upper ocean salinity in the subtropical Pacific: North Pacific tropical water and barrier layer.’ Clark 507. 22hu9k0u8jjgnrpu4lg2gkdiag@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160308T150500 20160308T160000 Clark 507 0 Joseph D’Addezio, U. South Carolina. ‘Air-sea interactions in the Seychelles-Chagos thermocline ridge’. Clark 507. u24hh7d4d0vvru16l1rum83b1k@google.com 20180502T144719Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch We describe and interpret in situ observations of tidally driven turbulence that were obtained in the vicinity of a small channel that transects the crest of the Mendocino Ridge in the north-eastern Pacific. Flows are funneled through the channel and have tidal excursion lengths comparable to the width of the ridge crest. Once per day, energetic turbulence is observed in the channel, with overturns spanning almost half of the full water depth. A high resolution, nonhydrostatic, 2.5-dimensional simulation is used to interpret the observations in terms of the advection of a breaking tidal lee wave past the site location, and subsequent development of a hydraulic jump. During this phase of the tide the strong transports were associated with full depth flows, however, during the weaker beat of the tide transports were shallow and surface-confined, generating negligible turbulence. A regional numerical model of the area finds that the subinertial K1 (diurnal) tidal constituent generates topographically trapped waves which propagate anticyclonically around the ridge, and are associated with enhanced near-topographic K1 transports. The interaction of the trapped waves with the M2 (semidiurnal) surface tide produces a baroclinic tidal flow that is alternately surface confined and full depth. Consistent with observations, full depth flows are associated with the generation of a large amplitude tidal lee wave on the northward face of the ridge, while surface confined flows are largely nonturbulent. The regional model demonstrates that nearfield dissipation over the entire ridge is diurnally modulated, despite the larger amplitude of the M2 tidal constituent, indicating that the trapped wave modulates near-field dissipation and mixing at this location. 20160309T120000 20160309T130000 54-915 0 SLS- Ruth Musgrave (MIT-MechE) – Tidally driven mixing: breaking lee waves, hydraulic jumps and the influence of subinertial trapped internal tides grkcdmfue1ei5h3h7q2akro72k@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Ocean Sciences Redux: Talks by WHOI Biology Department Scientists at the 2016 Ocean Sciences Meeting Heidi Sosik "High Resolution Time Series of Plankton Communities: From Early Warning of Harmful Blooms to Sentinels of Climate Change” Simon Thorrold "Tracing Carbon Flow Through Food Webs on Isolated Coral Reefs in the Central Pacific Ocean Using a Compound-Specific Stable Isotope Approach" Scott Gallager "OceanCubes: Integrated Long-Term, High Frequency Biological, Chemical, and Physical Measurements for Understanding Mesoplankton Biodiversity and Community Structure in Coastal Ecosystems" 20160310T120000 20160310T130000 0 Ocean Sciences Redux sc66pgbv5304ni6omomviem07g@google.com 20180502T144719Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry The chase for 247Cm and what it reveals about the stellar environment of r-process nucleosynthesis 20160311T100000 20160311T110000 E25 @ 119 0 COG3 Seminar – Francois Tissot (MIT) r7o3ktjdrjovecuut3l7vomdk0@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160315T150500 20160315T160000 Carriage House 0 ‘What are we up to? Talks by three PO faculty’. Carriage House 0ut5p5eqm7gvf41qhg299rrvf4@google.com 20180502T144719Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch Eddies in the ocean move westwards. Those shed by western boundary currents must then interact with shelf-slope topography at the western boundary. This simple picture is complicated by the presence of other eddies and mean flows, but satellite observations show that many western boundary continental shelves are affected by mesoscale eddies translating near the shelfbreak. In this SST image, a Gulf Stream Warm Core Ring (anticyclone) transports cold fresh shelf water offshore across the Mid-Atlantic Bight shelfbreak. Using idealized numerical simulations, I address three questions: 1. Does the eddy always get to the shelfbreak, or can sloping topography stop an eddy from crossing it? 2. What is the magnitude of offshore transport driven by these eddies? 3. What is the effect of the eddy on the shelf's flow field? 20160316T120000 20160316T130000 54-915 0 SLS- Deepak Cherian (MIT/WHOI) – Eddy vs. shelf-slope topography 0aqhq605teroukthkem16k83bc@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Phytoplankton Modeling in the Western Gulf of Mexico: Taking Advantage of an Imaging FlowCytobot Dr. Darren W. Henrichs, Assistant Research Scentist, Campbell Lab, Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University Abstract 20160317T120000 20160317T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Darren W. Henrichs 0tv6c94i72uf7g41rhopctvujk@google.com 20180502T144719Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry The Geobiological Significance of Archaeal Tetraether Lipids: a preliminary investigation with analytical and biological constraints 20160318T100000 20160318T110000 E25 @ 119 0 COG3 Seminar – Xiaolei Liu (MIT) poi0rvbl4kq6oo9cemk8l7is7c@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160322T150500 20160322T160000 Clark 507 0 Steve Lentz, WHOI. ‘The Middle Atlantic Bight cold pool revisited.’ Clark 507. ofoqokjn4nk54q8ac5rmgrqbn4@google.com 20180502T144719Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch 20160323T120000 20160323T130000 0 no SLS – Spring break 5mj78tsgqgj4b5kmk3g4nhdhes@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography A Call to Action in Data Science and Analytics Research and Education Dr. Peter Fox - CANCELLED Professor of Earth and Environmental Science, Computer Science and Cognitive Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 20160324T120000 20160324T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Peter Fox dcidnoocei3lhj90lagl45btgc@google.com 20180502T144719Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry 20160325T100000 20160325T110000 0 No COG3 Seminar, Spring vacation vuc1onajs0fpct9nl84jltm95g@google.com 20180502T144719Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch Despite the major role played by mesoscale eddies in redistributing the energy of the large-scale circulation, our understanding of their dissipation is still incomplete. This study investigates the generation of internal waves by decaying eddies in the North Atlantic western boundary. The eddy presence and decay are measured from the altimetric surface relative vorticity associated with an array of full-depth current meters extending ~100 km offshore at 26.5N. In addition, internal waves are analysed over a topographic rise from 2-year high-frequency measurements of an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP), which is located 13 km offshore in 600 m deep water. Despite an apparent polarity independence of the eddy decay observed from altimetric data, the flow in the deepest 100 m is enhanced for anticyclones (25.2 cm/s) compared with cyclones (-4.7 cm/s). Accordingly, the internal wave field is sensitive to this polarity-dependent deep velocity. This is apparent from the eddy-modulated enhanced dissipation rate, which is obtained from a finescale parameterization and exceeds 10^-9 W/kg for near-bottom flows greater than 8 cm/s. The present study underlines the importance of oceanic western boundaries for removing the energy of low-mode westward-propagating eddies to higher-mode internal waves. 20160330T120000 20160330T130000 54-915 0 SLS-LOUIS CLEMENT (LDEO) – Generation of internal waves by eddies impinging on the western boundary of the North Atlantic 2b0bcld95dv70frkma0p6spqi4@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Engineering fish genomes to understand environmental interactions Dr. Matthew Salanga Postdoctoral Investigator WHOI Biologoy Department Abstract 20160331T120000 20160331T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Matthew Salanga 7ob465cn2h83e00ngtea7pn4r8@google.com 20180502T144719Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry Variability in stable potassium isotopes in geological and biological systems 20160401T100000 20160401T110000 E25 @ 119 0 COG3 Seminar – Leah Morgan (USGS Denver) 523p1g4f1vs8mkp1i8dv84q2n8@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160405T150500 20160405T160000 Clark 507 0 Anna FitzMaurice, Princeton U. ‘The Southern Ocean overturning circulation and its relation to Antarctic sea ice extent’. Clark 507. 7f8gqhpvh8tmioqalvkb0i486k@google.com 20180502T144719Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch The ocean is populated by an intense geostrophic eddy field that is unresolved in most numerical ocean models used for climate prediction. A geometric framework for parameterising ocean eddy fluxes will be presented that is consistent with conservation of energy and momentum. The framework involves rewriting the residual-mean eddy force as the divergence of an eddy stress tensor. The magnitude of the eddy stress tensor is bounded by the eddy energy, allowing its components to be rewritten in terms of the eddy energy and non-dimensional parameters describing the mean "shape" of the eddies, analogous to “eddy ellipses” used in observational oceanography. These non-dimensional geometric parameters have strong connections with classical stability theory, for example, the new framework preserves the functional form of the linear Eady growth rate and, with one additional ingredient, Arnold’s first stability theorem. This framework also leads to a simple model of "eddy saturation”: the relative insensitivity of the ocean circulation and stratification to the magnitude of the surface wind stress in ocean models with explicit eddies. These results offer the prospect of improved eddy parameterisations that both preserve the underlying symmetries and conservation laws inherent in the unfiltered equations, and reproduce empirical results that have been obtained with eddy-permitting models. 20160406T120000 20160406T130000 54-915 0 SLS-David Marshall (Oxford) – A geometric interpretation of eddy-mean flow interaction in the ocean vg80snltv08i757p9eq6its0is@google.com 20180502T144719Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry Supervolcanoes and their deposits: insights into the dynamics of large magma reservoirs 20160407T100000 20160407T110000 54-915 0 COG3 Seminar – Olivier Bachmann (ETH Zurich) in3apbt93cqa2q7t3sud9q8pn0@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Dr. David Gold Augouron Geobiology Fellow, Department of Earth, Atmospheric & Planetary Sciences, MIT Abstract 20160407T120000 20160407T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. David Gold lfgcefe5ln0kol3j3am3qd8l3k@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160412T150500 20160412T160000 Clark 507 0 Ken Brink, WHOI. ‘Cooling, winds and eddies over the continental shelf’. Clark 507. n46c0b7qi2hn84luvfnn1m0ho0@google.com 20180502T144719Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch The ocean is a major sink of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. In order to predict future atmospheric CO2 levels and global climate, we must improve quantification of the ocean carbon pumps, which sequester CO2 from the atmosphere on timescales from years to millennia. In this talk, I will present field data from a quasi-Lagrangian cruise in Monterey Bay, CA and use it to demonstrate how in situ measurements of dissolved gases can be used to quantify the biological and solubility pumps. In particular, O2 concentration and isotopic composition are tracers of gross and net productivity. A persistent challenge in quantifying biological productivity from O2 measurements is the need to accurately parameterize the physical processes that also alter O2 concentration and isotopic composition (e.g., bubble-mediated gas exchange, diffusive gas exchange, and mixing). Measurements of multiple inert gases, such as the noble gases, are used to develop parameterizations for these physical processes. These parameterizations are then applied to bioactive gases such as O2 and CO2, thereby improving estimates of the ocean carbon pumps. Additionally, I will compare in situ gas tracer methods for quantifying productivity with simultaneous incubation- and sediment trap-based productivity estimates. 20160413T120000 20160413T130000 54-915 0 SLS – Cara Manning (MIT-WHOI) – What can oxygen and noble gases teach us about the ocean carbon pumps? 9lubbf5k4jk5iu15vn9rqbuo7s@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Saxitoxin gene structure and representation in nontoxic and toxic dinoflagellate species Ms. Kathleen J. Ptiz Ph.D. Candidate, Biological Oceanography, WHOI Biology Department Abstract 20160414T120000 20160414T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Ms. Kathleen J. Pitz rlvogkvcd5qun4u56asglevkts@google.com 20180502T144719Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry Landscape evolution of the Channeled Scablands, eastern Washington 20160415T100000 20160415T110000 E25 @ 119 0 COG3 Seminar – Isaac Larsen (UMass) q9ls49jii8h2tm8pej80hlu6rk@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160419T150500 20160419T160000 Clark 201 0 Mike Spall, WHOI. ‘Offshore decay scale of cold upwelled SST’. Clark 201 cvfe069npr1tlfqd734tmkb0o8@google.com 20180502T144719Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch The talk will address the implications of a warming Arctic Ocean to the structure and ventilation of the Arctic halocline, and to the overlying sea-ice cover. In recent years, atypically warm intrusions have been observed in the halocline. These derive from intense summertime solar warming on outcropping isopycnals in expansive ice-free regions. Heat that is stored in the shallow halocline can be released in the fall and winter by shear driven mixing, and convective mixing by the release of dense plumes during sea-ice growth. On the other hand, deeper warm ocean layers remain unaffected. I'll show that under continued warming, there exists the possibility for a regime shift in halocline ventilation by these warm waters, and a subsequent cap on the storage of deep-ocean heat. 20160420T120000 20160420T130000 54-915 0 SLS – Mary-Louise Timmermans (Yale) – Summer heat overwinters in the Arctic Ocean 49ap35uofh5q6e728413ejcfb4@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Meet the Joint Program Biology Graduate Students Six students will give short presentations on their research Camrin Braun, Megan May, Jennifer Panlilio, Hanny Rivera, Laura Weber, Casey Zakroff Abstract 20160421T120000 20160421T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Meet the Joint Program Biology Graduate Students ptd2h63hnhj0ql1hbcn99957ek@google.com 20180502T144719Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry Climate and Tectonics of the southern Central Andes, NW Argentina 20160422T100000 20160422T110000 E25 @ 119 0 COG3 Seminar – Alexander Rohrmann (Oregon State University) 549mtpoqbotab2bts869uq6fog@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160425T140500 20160425T150000 Clark 201 0 Matthew Alford, SIO. ‘Observing the generation, propagation and dissipation of internal waves in the ocean.’ Clark 201. ai1ec-817316@oceans.mit.edu 20180502T144719Z MIT Sea Grant College Program Brown Bag Seminar Tuesday April, 26th E38-3rd Floor Conference Room 12:00 – 1:00pm For the past two decades, efforts to stem the tide of new marine invasions focused on ballast water exchange and treatment. Nonetheless, established invasive species populations are expanding their ranges and the rate of introduction is likely to increase. The role of hull fouling in spreading marine species has been underestimated, but climate-related impacts, such as increased sea temperatures, ocean acidification, changes in salinity and habitat alterations also contribute to expanding ranges and new introductions. This talk reviews changes observed in local populations and challenges the engineering community to develop innovative approaches to antifouling coatings. We encourage attendees to bring their lunch to the seminar. The seminar is open to the public. Please pass this announcement along to interested parties. Questions can be sent to KBaltes@mit.edu. 20160426T120000 20160426T130000 +42.363585;-71.082461 E38-3rd Floor Conference Room @ Cambridge, MA 02142, USA 0 April 26th Brown Bag Seminar: Invasive Marine Species: The Guests that Stay Forever by Dr. Judy Pederson of MIT Sea Grant 3gs0l1b0k3j83gt5h6gg0gdp2o@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160426T150500 20160426T160000 Carriage House 0 Hyodae Seo, WHOI. ‘Eddy-driven air-sea interaction in the California Current System’. Carriage House. 3c7gkt0bk76i6jrn78o4tjl8qc@google.com 20180502T144719Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch Recent work has shown that turbulence in the ocean due to breaking internal gravity is one of the largest uncertainties in climate models. Knowledge of the horizontal and vertical distribution of the turbulence is crucial, which is challenging because internal waves can travel far from their sources and can break via a variety of mechanisms. In this talk I will first introduce internal waves for non-specialists, then walk through an example in the South China Sea where waves can be tracked from their source to their breaking locations, and a rough energy budget determined. Then I’ll discuss recent progress in tracking internal wave energy from generation to cross-basin propagation to dissipation on the globe, focusing on recent efforts to constrain 1) q, the fraction of locally dissipated energy and 2) the reflection coefficient which determines the partition of energy breaking over continental margins versus in the deep basins. A key thread of these analyses is the constant interplay between observations and high-resolution models. 20160427T120000 20160427T130000 54-915 0 SLS – Matthew Alford (Scripps Institute of Oceanography) – Observing the generation, propagation and dissipation of internal waves in the ocean 8p4bmlj57khnvdpmuadr4q7ga0@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Hidden layers of the genome: The role of epigenetics in organismal responses to environmental change Dr. Neel Aluru Assistant Scientist WHOI Biology Department Abstract 20160428T120000 20160428T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Neel Aluru a5dfrcep1oi350iejd3gmjtuks@google.com 20180502T144719Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry Strain controls on olivine crystallographic texture: a record from mantle xenoliths, West Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica 20160429T100000 20160429T110000 E25 @ 119 0 COG3 Seminar – Seth Kruckenberg (BC) o9fe33h9rkfjhve2qpvaqem2bo@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160503T150500 20160503T160000 Clark 507 0 Susan Wijffels, CSIRO. ‘Towards understanding the Indonesian Throughflow and its variability’. Clark 507. dbe78mrro0f3pr2cs2afptun68@google.com 20180502T144719Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch 20160504T120000 20160504T130000 54-915 0 SLS – Stephanie Dutkiewicz – MIT (EAPS) rr2s5nbekuebsppjqm5klkvhfc@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Towards an understanding of microbial ecosystem function in the polar ocean Dr. Jeff Bowman Postdctoral Fellow Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory Abstract 20160505T120000 20160505T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Jeff Bowman g7md7ulk3eourmg52pjl54te0g@google.com 20180502T144719Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry When did the continents grow? 20160506T100000 20160506T110000 E25 @ 119 0 COG3 Seminar – Stephen Parman (Brown) a56o2mbh0vmq7j6pieu7oq0qsg@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Rapid adaptation in the sea: transcriptomic insights from a marine invader Dr. Carolyn Tepolt Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Abstract 20160510T120000 20160510T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Carolyn Tepolt hltebk9pl3i849e9kbv2cq7di0@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160510T150500 20160510T160000 Clark 507 0 Luca Centurioni, SIO. ‘Near-surface circulation of the North West Pacific Ocean and interaction with the China Seas’. Clark 507 086ehfu2ko34c7f70a5qn0m71k@google.com 20180502T144719Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch 20160511T120000 20160511T130000 54-915 0 SLS – Isabela Le Bras (MIT-WHOI) r44hho7tpn9hvcu27ln9lkm450@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Linking the physiology of host-associated microbiomes to ecological interactions and ecosystem processes Dr. Roxanne Beinart NSF Ocean Sciences Postdoctoral Research Fellow, WHOI Geology and Geophysics Dept. Abstract 20160512T120000 20160512T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Roxanne Beinart 1l7rbp8gscpdmu2724b07a3g00@google.com 20180502T144719Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry Correlative microscopy, geochronology, and atom probe tomography of metamorphosed zircon 20160513T100000 20160513T110000 E25 @ 119 0 COG3 Seminar – Emily Peterman (Bowdoin) lgt54fubogv1d6gjt18ngh2f4o@google.com 20180502T144719Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch Does size matter for life in the ocean? 20160513T120000 20160513T130000 MIT 54-915 0 SLS – Adrian Martin (NOCS) – Does size matter for life in the ocean? ufput6ddk748mmovk4t0stb9p8@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Is everything everywhere: Insights into the role of intra-specific diversity in the physiological ecology of phytoplankton Dr. Harriet Alexander Postdoctoral Research Scientist Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University Abstract 20160516T120000 20160516T130000 0 Dr. Harriet Alexander hq3t95rbns58me6c0dcqc97ei8@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160517T150500 20160517T160000 Clark 201 0 Nick Beaird, WHOI. ‘Fingerprints of ocean-glacier interaction around Greenland’. Clark 201. o2m2o24hbf070rcodte1ntcpv4@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography All You Always (Secretly) Wanted to Know About Marine Fungi But Were Afraid to Ask, Especially About Those from Deep-Sea Habitats Dr. Gaetan Burgaud Université de Brest, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne France Abstract 20160519T120000 20160519T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Gaetan Burgaud v0tonlt37us3kd0pv7l1mquob4@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160519T140500 20160519T150000 Clark 201 0 Charlie Eriksen, U. Washington. ‘Deepglider observations of full-depth flow structure from Bermuda to the Western Boundary’. Clark 201. 695coig87s8vpkmd94tqr47cc8@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Anthropogenic climate change drives shift and shuffle in marine phytoplankton communities Dr. Andrew Barton Princeton University Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Abstract 20160523T120000 20160523T130000 Redfiled Auditorium 0 Dr. Andrew Barton 3j02b94am2l3qceptmr4qt26n0@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160524T150500 20160524T160000 Clark 201 0 Sarah Purkey, LDEO. ‘Regional and global rates of ocean mass addition between 1996-2006 from a full depth sea level rise budget’. Clark 201. 3dsmv53iq9qrj9rm821u916qvg@google.com 20180502T144719Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch Recent observations show that the Southern Ocean is dominating anthropogenic ocean heat uptake. Southern Ocean heat uptake is large because the strong northward transport of the heat content anomaly limits warming of the sea surface temperature in the uptake region. Using results from eddy-rich global climate simulations, I will discuss the processes controlling the northward heat transport away from the uptake region and the convergence of the heat content anomaly in the midlatitude Southern Ocean. Heat budget analyses reveal that different processes dominate to the north and south of the main convergence region. The heat transport northward from the high-latitude uptake region is driven primarily by passive advection of the heat content anomaly by the existing time mean circulation, with a smaller contribution from enhanced upwelling. The heat anomaly builds up in the midlatitudes due to a convergent Ekman transport anomaly, combined with limited heat transport further northward into the mode waters. To the north of the peak convergence region, eddy processes drive the warming and account for nearly 80% of the northward heat transport anomaly. 20160525T120000 20160525T125000 54-915 0 SLS – Adele Morrison (Princeton) – Mechanisms of Southern Ocean heat uptake and transport aaig83l8ph0piup82cpfhgudfk@google.com 20180502T144719Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch We present a new, steady-state macromolecule-based model to study light-nutrient co-limitation of phytoplankton growth. The model is based on simplified metabolic flux network and resolves key pools of macro-molecules, each of which has different roles for cellular growth. The model is used to predict and interpret the variation of cellular stoichiometry of fresh water Synechococcus sp. under different light and nutrient environment over a range of dilution rates (averaged growth rates) in a steady state culture. The model explains the different response of cellular nitrogen and phosphorus quota to the various light-nutrient environments, predicting protein and RNA as most influential molecules on nitrogen and phosphorus quotas respectively. The model indicates that, though total nitrogen storage is larger than phosphorus storage, relative to requirements, many times more phosphorus can be stored. It accurately predicts the maximum possible growth rate based on the limits of resource allocation within the cell. Finally, the model predicts nutrient-light co-limitation of cell population density under different dilution rates. While the nutrient has a direct effect on the population density, light impacts it by modifying the cellular stoichiometry. This steady-state, macromolecule based model provides bases for predicting phytoplankton growth in different dynamic environments 20160526T140000 20160526T150000 0 SLS – Keisuke Inomura (PAOC-MIT) – A macromolecular model of phytoplankton growth under light and nutrient co-limitation 9742fscbf75i0m39vma3775v9k@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160526T140500 20160526T150000 Clark 201 0 Dan Amrhein, MIT/WHOI. ‘Towards ocean state estimation at the Last Glacial Maximum’. Clark 201 ll80brjfgrjt197v2jusootht4@google.com 20180502T144719Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch 20160527T120000 20160527T130000 54-915 0 Special SLS – Joe LaCasce (U of Oslo) – The buoyancy-driven ocean circulation in idealized and realistic basins 311aue6cmfctjj86m9soa7grfk@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160531T150500 20160531T160000 Clark 507 0 Ke Chen, WHOI. ‘Heat balance and temperature variability in the Northeast US coastal ocean’. Clark 507. 37pufqcsb1t2cohqvog41humpc@google.com 20180502T144719Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch Internal hydraulic jumps in flows with upstream shear are investigated, motivated by applications such as the flow over sills in Knight Inlet and Hood Canal. The role of upstream shear has not previously been thoroughly investigated, although it is important in many natural flows, including exchange flows and flows over topography. Several two-layer theories are extended to include upstream shear, showing that solutions only exist for a limited range of upstream shear values. More realistic two-dimensional numerical simulations are guided by the two-layer theory predictions, and the results are used to evaluate the theories. The simulations also show the qualitative types of hydraulic transitions that occur, including undular bores, fully turbulent jumps, and conjugate state-like solutions. Numerical simulations are also used to investigate the mixing, and a few 3D numerical simulations are found to be consistent with the 2D results. When the upstream shear is increased and the basic two-layer theories no longer exhibit solutions, entrainment is required. Furthermore, the downstream structure of the flow has an important effect on the jump properties. These factors are investigated by modifying a two-layer theory to allow entrainment and account for the downstream vertical velocity structure. The resulting theory indicates that entrainment and jump structure become important factors that influence the jump height. However, the results are very sensitive to how the downstream vertical profiles of velocity and density are incorporated into the layered model, highlighting the limitations of the two-layer approximation when the shear is large. While these two layer theories provide insight into the types of jumps that can occur and the mixing that they cause, jumps such as those that occur in Knight Inlet are significantly influenced by factors such as topography, tidal forcing, and three-dimensional effects. 20160601T121000 20160601T131000 54-915 0 Kelly Anne Ogden (MIT-WHOI) – Internal Hydraulic Jumps with Upstream Shear gctg8bf9slnhibvua177fj2or4@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Winter chilling induces synchronous spring germination by Alexandrium fundyense cysts in the Nauset Marsh System Ms. Alexis D. Fishcher Doctoral Candidate, Biology Department MIT-WHOI Joint Program Abstract 20160602T120000 20160602T130000 0 Ms. Alexis Fischer 6csf0g15afmesb3h2b8lpmpp7k@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160602T140500 20160602T150000 Clark 201 0 Emily Shroyer, OSU. ‘Seasonal connections between Nares Strait and Petermann Glacier: Linking the sea ice, ocean, and ice shelf’. Clark 201. 93f9r7o5941q3i16b4f896k94g@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160607T140500 20160607T150000 Clark 507 0 Ben Harden, SEA / WHOI. ‘Upstream sources of the Denmark Strait Overflow: Observations from a high-resolution mooring array’. Clark 507 gkv4r8gf8a4et6b0j3gv6v97es@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160613T140500 20160613T150000 Clark 201 0 Aneesh Subramanian, Oxford. ‘Stochastic multi-scale atmospheric modeling: A route to improved forecasts for the tropics’. Clark 201 3raohdtt0amh0qdepqmn6fogvc@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160614T150500 20160614T160000 Clark 507 0 Allan Clarke, FSU. ‘El Nino and La Nina freshwater jets in the Western Equatorial Pacific’. Clark 507 93jr1dlnffckv68oju2j0b9nno@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Life at the Ice Edge: Does the timing of ice retreat set the table? Dr. George L. Hunt, Jr., Research Professor School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington Abstract 20160616T120000 20160616T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. George L. Hunt, Jr. siiejfvsuusc696b9mn5d9548c@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160621T150500 20160621T160000 Clark 507 0 Eleanor Frajka-Williams, NOC Southampton. ‘Reconciling observations of the Atlantic MOC variability’. Clark 507. 1852m1pltvjfcr40v5s8dh92rs@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Understanding the structure and changes of species interaction networks Dr. Serguei Saavedra Assistant Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Abstract 20160623T120000 20160623T130000 0 Dr. Serguei Saavedra a79mfljughfifvo6s4mdnjkhr8@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Come In, We’re Open: The Changing Culture of Research Dr. Carly Strasser, Program Officer Data-Driven Discovery Initiative Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Abstract 20160627T120000 20160627T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Carly Strasser 09kcvbspgd4itfcvcjifak8hc8@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160628T150500 20160628T160000 Clark 507 0 Amy Bower, WHOI. ‘The Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone: A crossroads of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning circulation’. Clark 507. o5did2a34rsot4end7n6al5nlk@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Microbial signaling in a vast ocean: the varied roles of small molecules Dr. Kristen Whalen, Research Associate III, Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry, WHOI Abstract 20160630T120000 20160630T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Kristen Whalen bn7m1k9vk79tp9m7e1htbncfe8@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160705T150500 20160705T160000 0 Cancelled prqm2si12jeq86us419i4pidrc@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Effectively infinite: how can we ask questions of environmental sequencing data sets? Dr. C. Titus Brown School of Veterinary Medicine University of California, Davis 20160707T120000 20160707T130000 Redfield Auditoirium 0 Dr. C. Titus Brown up0ef34ufndv9scjuf9klh5a40@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160707T140500 20160707T150000 Clark 201 0 Ivan Ovsyannikov, U. Bremen. ‘Cubic homoclinic tangencies and resonances in two-dimensional symplectic maps.’ Clark 201. n47nbc41hk0kdqqln6kmpq62j0@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160712T150500 20160712T160000 Clark 507 0 Dujuan Kang, Rutgers. ‘Understanding the energetics and variability of the Gulf Stream and associated eddies’. Clark 507. redopepthleursbksnp8dnpi7s@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography 20160714T120000 20160714T130000 0 No Bioseminar today 6107q6g88bcb157akgbn3j2qb8@google.com 20180502T144719Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch The Antarctic shelf seas are at present receiving increasing amounts of freshwater from the melting of the Antarctic Ice Sheet and its fringing ice shelves. In response, the surface ocean salinity in this region has declined. The talk will investigate the effects of the freshwater input on regional sea level, using satellite measurements of sea surface height (for months with no sea-ice cover) and a global ocean circulation model. It is found that from 1992 to 2011, sea-level rise along the Antarctic coast is at least 2 ± 0.8 mm yr−1 greater than the regional mean for the Southern Ocean. Further, on the basis of the model simulations, we conclude that this sea-level rise is almost entirely related to steric adjustment, rather than changes in local ocean mass, with a halosteric rise in the upper ocean and thermosteric contributions at depth. 20160719T121000 20160719T131000 54-915 0 Special SLS – Craig Rye CUSP (UK) – Trends in Antarctic Subpolar Sea Sea Level: Evidence of Increasing Glacial Melt? fc9e3vli5rib7om4li6igbe748@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160719T150500 20160719T160000 Clark 507 0 Leo Maas, NIOZ. ‘Wave attractors.’ Clark 507. 4b2i9tkjnaj0kj4f5oehf8tt7k@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Ms. Emily A. Moberg Ph.D. Candidate, Biological Oceanography, WHOI Biology Department Optimal bioeconomic management of changing marine resources Abstract 20160721T120000 20160721T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Ms. Emily A. Moberg s9cm0kk8jtbvockni5mtqlqehc@google.com 20180502T144719Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160726T150500 20160726T160000 Clark 201 0 Ruth Musgrave, MIT. ‘Tidally driven mixing: breaking lee waves, hydraulic jumps and the influence of subinertial internal tides’. Clark 201 rpbeoe68bh5117nll3nteqa1os@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Understanding Phytoplankton Communities Using Topic Models Mr. Arnold Kalmbach M.Sc. Student, McGill University Abstract 20160728T120000 20160728T130000 Smith Conference Room 0 Mr. Arnold Kalmbach hdf4esh5ft68j02h66btncki88@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160802T150500 20160802T160000 Clark 507 0 Robert Nazarian, Princeton U. ‘Internal wave scattering in idealized and realistic continental slope canyons’. Clark 507 b4ju5qqrm5mvejq1q9jbprlp6s@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Summer Student Research Forum This event will feature the Biology Department's Summer Student Researchers. There will be approx. 12 students presenting, including the Summer Students Fellows and several Guest Students. Presentations followed by poster session. 20160805T150000 20160805T160000 Redfield Auditorium and Lobby 0 Biology Department Summer Student Research Forum p5nnqgmsclu5vo0vka0bs9vguo@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160809T150500 20160809T160000 0 Alexey Fedorov, Yale. ‘The Pacific meridional overturning circulation (PMOC) in past warm climates’. Clark 507. 9gdjbotdmi1p2u08hol3ikuj6s@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160811T140500 20160811T150500 Clark 201 0 Dhruv Balwada, FSU. ‘A lagrangian view of oceanic turbulence’. Clark 201 jvp05jffnc5hpifussa90sq1i4@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160816T150500 20160816T160000 Clark 507 0 Georgy Manucharayan, Cal Tech. ‘Emergence of a multi-decadal eddy-memory mode and its impacts on the Beaufort Gyre variability’. Clark 201 p0muc73g9jltu8kbjln3i3dpfk@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Hot microbes in Antarctica: geothermal activity drives taxonomic and functional diversity in Deception Island Dr. Vivian Pellizari Associate Professor Oceanographic Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil Abstract 20160818T120000 20160818T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Vivian Pellizari – CANCELLED tulevvipqa4u7sq6fdi56gq1uc@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160818T140500 20160818T150500 Clark 201 0 Rui Xin Huang, WHOI. ‘Adiabatic motions in the ocean and extended isopycnal analysis’. Clark 201 fq237d0k5h4uk3569rsr532r7g@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography 2016 Biology Steinbach Scholar **Sponsored by the WHOI Academic Programs Office** Evolutionary conserved mechanisms for carbon dioxide, pH and bicarbonate sensing and signal transduction Dr. Martin Tresguerres Assistant Professor Scripps Institution of Oceanography UC San Diego Abstract 20160823T120000 20160823T130000 0 Dr. Martin Tresguerres gci0lam9v6bhe39fj9geiqplsk@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160823T150500 20160823T160000 Clark 507 0 John Toole, WHOI. ‘Moored observations of the Deep Western Boundary Current in the northwest Atlantic: 2004-2014’. Clark 507. u1giiat0f9n5kaeju3j1bkbnp4@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography The two sides of the bloom Dr. Alexandre Mignot Postdoctoral Research Associate Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, MIT Abstract 20160825T120000 20160825T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Alexandre Mignot cul0rka7hkld97rbptua1p4450@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160830T150500 20160830T160000 Clark 507 0 Cancelled a1fg33o5c5j0q16149aamnv5pg@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160906T150500 20160906T160000 Clark 507 0 Alain de Verneil, Mediterranean Inst. Oceanography. ‘Biological tracer structure in the surface ocean: Effects of mesoscale forcing from the regional to sub-mesoscale’. Clark 507 f5bnhheudnapm7qiq8tgtpj6e8@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Response of macrozooplankton to environmental variation: Evidence from the Red Sea Dr. Peter Wiebe Scientist Emeritus WHOI Biology Department Abstract 20160908T120000 20160908T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Peter Wiebe 7r1v9apia8c9p6k3dqpf2bq0u8@google.com 20180502T144720Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry 20160909T150000 20160909T160000 20160923T150000 20161014T150000 20161021T150000 20161104T150000 20161111T150000 20161118T150000 20161209T150000 Building E25, Room 117 FREQ=WEEKLY;UNTIL=20161209T200000Z;BYDAY=FR 0 COG3 Seminar – TBD 20160909T150000-7r1v9apia8c9p6k3dqpf2bq0u8@google.com 20180502T144720Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry 20160909T150000 20160909T160000 Building E25, Room 117 0 NO COG3 Seminar 07cgr7507fgt1fefaaikgpjdm0@google.com 20180502T144720Z Title: Delayed CO2 emissions from mid-ocean ridge volcanism as a possible cause of late-Pleistocene glacial cycles Abstract: The coupled 100,000 year variations in ice volume, temperature, and atmospheric CO2 during the late Pleistocene are generally considered to arise from a combination of orbital forcing, ice dynamics, and ocean circulation. Also previously argued is that changes in glaciation influence atmospheric CO2 concentrations through modifying subaerial volcanic eruptions and CO2 emissions. Building on evidence that ocean ridge volcanism responds to changes in sea level, it is suggested that ocean ridges play an important role in generating late-Pleistocene 100 ky glacial cycles. If all volcanic CO2 emissions responded immediately to changes in pressure, subaerial and ocean-ridge volcanic emissions anomalies would oppose one another. At ocean ridges, however, the egress of CO2 from the mantle is delayed by tens-of-thousands of years, or longer, owing to ascent time. A simple model involving temperature, ice, and CO2 is presented that oscillates at ~100 ky time scales when incorporating a delayed CO2 contribution from ocean ridge volcanism, even if the feedback accounts for only a small fraction of total changes in CO2. For more information, please see our event website. 20160912T120000 20160912T130000 Ida Green Lounge (9th Floor), Building 54, Cambridge, MA, United States 0 PAOC Colloquium: Peter Huybers (Harvard) hnv2cijmd9pglo4enh8kaghedc@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160913T150500 20160913T160000 Clark 507 0 Malcolm Scully, WHOI. ‘Observations of the transfer of energy and momentum to the oceanic surface boundary layer beneath breaking waves.’ Clark 507. 20160916T150000-7r1v9apia8c9p6k3dqpf2bq0u8@google.com 20180502T144720Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry The role of magmatism during continental rifting 20160916T150000 20160916T160000 Building E25, Room 117 0 COG3 Seminar – Sara Mana (Salem State University) 7j9i2205fbrlbhkkk9roqg5nd8@google.com 20180502T144720Z Title: Ocean mixing driven by tides: breaking lee waves, hydraulic jumps and the influence of subinertial internal tides Abstract: The dissipation of tidal energy in the abyssal ocean leads to diapycnal mixing, raising the deep cold waters that form at high latitudes, and providing an important link in the energetics of the overturning circulation. Observations of deep ocean mixing show that it is both intermittent and highly inhomogeneous, with hotspots over regions of rough topography. Determining when, where and how much the ocean mixes is of critical importance for understanding the large scale circulation, with implications for biogeochemistry, heat transport and ocean modeling in a changing climate. In this talk, I will focus on specific processes associated with tidally driven turbulence, combining field observations and numerical modeling of flows through a small channel that transects the crest of the Mendocino Ridge in the eastern Pacific, a site of mixed (diurnal and semidiurnal) tides. At this latitude the diurnal tide is subinertial and evanescent away from the topography, in contrast to the semidiurnal tide which is superinertial and radiating. We construct two numerical simulations to interpret our observations. First, we use a two-dimensional, nonhydrostatic, high resolution simulation to examine flow through the channel, and show that the observed turbulence arises from both hydraulic jumps and breaking internal lee waves. To place the processes in a regional context, we use a second simulation of tidally driven flow in a three-dimensional domain using realistic bathymetry, demonstrating the presence of diurnal bottom-trapped waves. These energetic internal waves generate strong currents close to the topography, and their interplay with the superinertial tidal constituent is of leading order importance in determining the timing and magnitude of the observed turbulence at the ridge. Our observations and models illustrate some of the mechanisms by which energy is transferred from the tides to the large scale circulation, and highlight the role of subinertial trapped waves at this location. We posit that these waves may be important contributors to ocean mixing, especially at climatically sensitive high latitudes. Event link: https://eapsweb.mit.edu/paoc-colloquium-ruth-musgrave-mit 20160919T120000 20160919T130000 Ida Green Lounge (9th Floor), Building 54, Cambridge, MA, United States 0 PAOC Colloquium: Ruth Musgrave (MIT) cs642cgnq9ccod34j0oo1ageg4@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160920T150500 20160920T160000 Clark 507 0 Viviane Menezes, WHOI. ‘Accelerated freshening of Antarctic Bottom Waters over the last decade (2007-2016) in the Southern Indian Ocean’. Clark 507 20160923T150000-7r1v9apia8c9p6k3dqpf2bq0u8@google.com 20180502T144720Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry 20160923T150000 20160923T160000 Building E25, Room 117 0 NO COG3 Seminar – Student Holiday umfldtljfpqvk5ij10cu2f3fmo@google.com 20180502T144720Z Title: Twenty-Years of the Global Ocean Circulation: Means and Changes Abstract: An over-arching goal of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) was to describe and understand the full three-dimensional time- evolving global ocean circulation from days to about a decade. The intention was to quantify and understand its changing climate impacts. To that end, the Estimating the Ocean Circulation and Climate (ECCO) consortium was formed to exploit the global data sets that emerged from WOCE and its successor programs (Argo, altimetry, hydrography, meteorology, etc.) combined with a general circulation model. Now there exists a dynamically consistent time-evolving ocean state estimate also (almost) consistent with all of the data over 24 years. The state estimate makes possible discussion of basic budgets and their changes (heat and freshwater content, kinetic and potential energy), raises interesting questions of its meaning, accuracy and full depiction. I will emphasize the global ocean properties and their changes over 20 years with some representative regional examples. This talk constitutes an invitation to the wider community to extend the available analyses. For more information, please see our event website. 20160926T120000 20160926T130000 Ida Green Lounge (9th Floor), Building 54, Cambridge, MA, United States 0 PAOC Colloquium: Carl Wunsch (MIT) 1s62fulcc4qrfrtkt5ajr7624g@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20160927T150500 20160927T160500 Clark 507 0 Raffaele Ferrari, MIT. ‘A model of the ocean overturning circulation with two closed basins and a reentrant channel’. Clark 507 ajbge6qvqsdsdlrer91bchadsk@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Drs. Bill Karp, Sofie Van Parijs , and Dvora Hart (NEFSC); Dr. Scott Gallager (WHOI) Panel Discussion on Transitioning Technology to NMFS Operations Abstract **SPECIAL SEMINAR sponsored by WHOI, CINAR, and NEFSC** 20160928T121500 20160928T131500 NEFSC Stephen H. Clark Conference Room, NOAA Aquarium Building 0 Panel Discussion on Transitioning Technology to NMFS Operations 20160930T150000-7r1v9apia8c9p6k3dqpf2bq0u8@google.com 20180502T144720Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry Using gut molecular markers to reveal our ancestors' gut microbiome 20160930T150000 20160930T160000 Building E25, Room 117 0 COG3 Seminar – Ainara Sistiaga (MIT) n8r707p72kfpibgtlusivj26lc@google.com 20180502T144720Z Title: El Niño-climate change links from corals Abstract: Coral reef ecosystems have been heavily damaged by the last year’s record-breaking El Niño event, and will come under increasing stress from rising temperatures and ocean acidity in coming decades. The magnitude and frequency of future ocean temperature extremes will determine the pace of reef degradation, with more frequent temperature extremes accelerating the demise of the most vulnerable reef systems. In this presentation, I will use monthly-resolved records of past ocean temperature extremes based on the geochemical analysis of coral records to argue that climate change has already translated into a fundamental change in El Niño properties, tilting the ocean-atmosphere system towards more frequent El Niño events in coming decades. The effects of such a shift on the world’s reef would be profound, as I present evidence from recent surveys of remote coral reef ecosystems across the 2015/2016 El Niño event. Our sustained study illustrates how interdisciplinary teams are required to address some of the most pressing questions about the future of coral reefs under continued climate change. 20161003T120000 20161003T130000 Ida Green Lounge (9th Floor), Building 54, Cambridge, MA, United States 0 PAOC Colloquium: Kim Cobb (Georgia Tech) u7d38v147utkgtt0vr2lcjgffc@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20161004T150500 20161004T160500 Clark 507 0 Mohamad M. Nasr-Azadani, UCSB. ‘Gravity currents in sheared and stratified ambients: Numerical Simulations and vorticity modeling’. Clark 507 8fq7r97phuk895oaspp7ioq50s@google.com 20180502T144720Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch El Ninõ–Southern Oscillation is here considered as large (time) scale phenomenon emerging from a complex and fast general dynamical system. This seminar has two main goals. The first one is to give a physically reasonable explanation for the use of stochastic models for mimicking the apparent random features of the El Ninõ–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. The second one is to show how it is possible to obtain, with the present approach, some analytical results concerning the stationary density function of the anomaly sea surface temperature, and the occurring timing of strong El Ninõ events. These results fit well the data from observations, reproducing the asymmetry and the power law tail of the histograms of the NIÑO3 index and the timing of 2-7 years for intermediate El Ninõ events. The approach is based on some of our recent theoretical results in the field of the dynamical origin of stochastic processes. More precisely, we apply this approach to the celebrated recharge oscillator model (ROM), weakly interacting by a multiplicative term with a general deterministic system (Madden-Julian Oscillations, westerly wind burst, etc.), and we obtain a Fokker-Planck Equation that describes the statistical behavior of the ROM. For more details — M. Bianucci, Geophysical Res. Lett., 43(1), 386-394 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015GL066772 — M. Bianucci, Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2015, P05016 (2015), http://stacks.iop.org/1742-5468/2015/i=5/a=P05016; — M. Bianucci, Int. Journal of Mod. Phys. B 0, 1541004 (2015), http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0217979215410040 20161005T120000 20161005T130000 54-915 0 SLS – Marco Bianucci (ISMAR – CNR) – Modeling El Nino–Southern Oscillation: analytical results tjfsr9r4kl5sajoin114ke60s4@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Spatial and temporal change in zooplankton size in the North Atlantic Dr. Claudi Castellani, Research Fellow Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science Plymouth, UK Abstract 20161006T120000 20161006T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Claudia Castellani gnvb5p0kei47uaoqlvlq4n5tuo@google.com 20180502T144720Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Houghton Lectures The contemporary global carbon budget. The global carbon cycle plays a key role in regulating climate and climate change. Natural reservoirs on land and in the ocean hold large quantities of carbon, which is exchanged with the atmosphere on time scales ranging from seconds to hundreds of thousands of years. This first lecture will explain what we know about the contemporary carbon cycle. It will detail the processes that regulate the storage of carbon in the terrestrial biosphere and in the ocean and present the latest data on the trends and variability in these ‘carbon sinks’. The observed changes in the carbon sinks will be discussed in the context of a changing climate. 20161007T090000 20161007T100000 54-915 0 Houghton Lecture – Corrine Le Quere 20161007T150000-7r1v9apia8c9p6k3dqpf2bq0u8@google.com 20180502T144720Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry 20161007T150000 20161007T160000 Building E25, Room 117 0 NO COG3 Seminar j9on34pntp5s1upjojfldlb080@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20161011T150500 20161011T160500 Clark 507 0 Jian Zhao, WHOI. ‘Mesoscale process in the Iceland Basin’. Clark 507 di719bd44rdc10pg1jv5hlmvhg@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20161013T140500 20161013T150500 0 Masatoshi Miyamoto, U. Tokyo. ‘Characteristics and mechanisms of deep mesoscale variability south of the Kuroshio Extension’. Clark 201 ai1ec-819063@oceans.mit.edu 20180502T144720Z Special Events Allison Provaire; provaire@mit.edu The John Carlson Lecture communicates exciting new results in climate science to the general public. Free of charge and open to the general public, the lecture is made possible by a generous gift from MIT alumnus John H. Carlson to the Lorenz Center in the Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, MIT. Speaker: Richard Alley, Penn State Event website: http://bit.ly/2aWlCd2 ical Date: Thursday, October 13, 7:00pm to 9:00pm Location: Simons IMAX Theatre, New England Aquarium "Big Ice: Antarctica, Greenland, and Boston" An ice sheet is a two-mile-thick, continent-wide pile of old snow, spreading under its own weight and sculpting the land beneath.  The ice sheet that buried Boston 20,000 years ago melted when slowly acting features of Earth’s orbit raised summer sunshine and atmospheric CO2, warming the climate. The history of that Ice Age can still be read in Boston Harbor, and in the layers of the surviving ice sheets on Antarctica and Greenland. But, more warming may melt those ice records, as break-off of huge icebergs and outburst floods speed sea-level rise. About the Speaker Dr. Richard Alley is an Evan Pugh Professor of Geosciences in Penn State's College of Earth and Mineral Sciences. His research interests focus on glaciology, sea level change and abrupt climate change, and he frequently discusses earth sciences on major media outlets, including NPR, BBC and PBS. He is widely credited with showing that the earth has experienced abrupt climate change in the past—and likely will again, based on his meticulous study of ice cores from Greenland and West Antarctica. For more information contact: Allison Provaire, provaire@mit.edu More about previous Carlson Lectures here. Tickets: https://eapsweb.mit.edu/sixth-annual-john-h-carlson-lecture-new-england-aquarium. 20161013T190000 20161013T210000 Simons IMAX Theatre @ New England Aquarium 0 Sixth Annual John H. Carlson Lecture at the New England Aquarium Car https://eapsweb.mit.edu/sixth-annual-john-h-carlson-lecture-new-england-aquarium qeu1ldeocd0j7r30qpn9vin87s@google.com 20180502T144720Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Houghton Lectures Marine ecosystems and ocean acidification. The ocean holds 50 times more carbon than the atmosphere. Because of its large buffer capacity, the ocean will eventually absorb 60 to 85% of the carbon dioxide emitted to the atmosphere on a time scale of 1000 years or longer. However the uptake of carbon dioxide by the ocean has the side effect of acidifying the water, with negative consequences for marine ecosystems and unclear implications for the functioning of the marine carbon cycle. This lecture will detail the linkages between marine ecosystem processes (from bacteria to jellyfish) and the carbon cycle. It will show how ecosystem processes can be understood through their biogeochemical functionality, and explain the knowns and unknowns of the impacts of ocean acidification. The lecture will end with a discussion of how changes in marine ecosystems could have knock on effects on climate regulation. 20161014T090000 20161014T100000 54-915 0 Houghton Lecture – Corrine Le Quere 20161014T150000-7r1v9apia8c9p6k3dqpf2bq0u8@google.com 20180502T144720Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry A view of the Hadean Earth: petrogenesis of the oldest rocks within the Acasta Gneiss Complex 20161014T150000 20161014T160000 Building E25, Room 117 0 COG3 Seminar – Jesse Reimink (Carnegie) tqot1h0n30brahq5lruqdg0ggo@google.com 20180502T144720Z Title: The response of tropical low clouds to climate change Abstract: Uncertainties in how tropical low clouds respond to climate change continue to dominate climate projections. They have resisted reduction for decades. Because of a convergence of what is feasible computationally on large scales (general circulation models) and small scales (large-eddy simulations), and because of the wealth of detailed observations that are now available, substantial progress on the low-cloud problem is now within reach. In this talk, I will describe recent progress in: (a) constraining the low-cloud response to climate change observationally, (b) understanding how the large-scale energy balance controls the low-cloud response, and (c) simulating the low-cloud response with large-eddy simulations that are driven in a way that respects the large-scale energy balance. The results consistently indicate a positive feedback from tropical low clouds on global warming. For more information, please see our PAOC Colloquium event page at: https://paocweb.mit.edu/events/calendars/colloquium 20161017T120000 20161017T130000 Ida Green Lounge (9th Floor), Building 54, Cambridge, MA, United States 0 PAOC Colloquium: Tapio Schneider (Caltech) rdql31vrbpqiqslenbmvlupcj4@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20161018T150500 20161018T160500 Clark 507 0 Chris Piecuch, Atmospheric and Environmental Research. ‘Inter annual sea level changes on the North American Northeast Coast: Influence of local atmospheric forcing’. Clark 507 er737t0tcc2jp3q2kbke0fbopc@google.com 20180502T144720Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch Ocean Property Fluxes: a Pseudo-Lagrangian Approach Lagrangian methods can provide insight into complex stirring and transport processes. These methods can provide a skeleton or template that allows one to identify regions of rapid stirring, transport, and transport barriers. 'Lobe dynamics', one of the most beautiful techniques in the toolbox, provides for the measurement and visualization of transport and exchange across moving boundaries. Other methods allow for the identification of natural barriers such as the material boundary of a coherent eddy. The focus is entirely on fluid 'material' transport (volume transport) and fluxes of oceanographically important properties such as heat, salt, vorticity and chemical and biological tracers are relevant only to the extent that they are conserved following fluid motion. In addition, lobe dynamics can become cumbersome when the flow field is complex. I will talk about a generalize approach that enables consideration of a variety of property fluxes, provides a simplified application to complex flow fields, and attempts to preserves the beauty of the original approach. 20161019T120000 20161019T130000 54-209 0 SLS – Larry Pratt (WHOI) tii3h3gdpv5kcfvfff1f2jfato@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Trait-based modeling of larval dispersal in the Gulf of Maine Mr. Benjamin T. Jones Doctoral Candidate, MIT/WHOI Joint Program WHOI Biology Department Abstract 20161020T120000 20161020T130000 0 Benjamin T. Jones hnppmp72jfa5kt129out5evpsg@google.com 20180502T144720Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Houghton Lectures Potential and risks of Carbon Geoengineerin. Multiple options have been proposed to deliberately enhance the storage of carbon in natural reservoirs, and thus reduce the magnitude of climate change and/or the efforts otherwise needed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions directly. These ‘Carbon Geoengineering’ options range from afforestation to bio-energy with carbon capture and storage to ocean iron fertilisation. But what is their potential (and their costs!), and what are the possible unintended consequences? This lecture will give an overview of the current understanding on this rapidly moving topic. 20161021T090000 20161021T100000 54-915 0 Houghton Lecture – Corrine Le Quere 20161021T150000-7r1v9apia8c9p6k3dqpf2bq0u8@google.com 20180502T144720Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry Megeagravel on the move: storm, waves, boulder transport, and the erosion of rocky coasts 20161021T150000 20161021T160000 Building E25, Room 117 0 COG3 Seminar – Rónadh Cox (Williams College) 06u3jhh47ojalv3ksfdf8qmeh4@google.com 20180502T144720Z Marine microbial diversity and nitrogen: does species diversity matter? Marine microorganisms are responsible for half of the biological productivity on Earth, but are reliant on supplies of major nutrients and trace elements. Biological availability of dissolved inorganic forms of nitrogen is one of the most critical factors that constrains productivity and biogeochemical cycling in ocean ecosystems. The nitrogen cycle is being dramatically affected by anthropogenic activities leading to known and undoubtedly as yet unknown impacts on the oceans. Marine microorganisms are key components of ocean ecosystems, and are important in food webs, as well as cycling elements, such as nitrogen, from one chemical form to another. The species of marine microorganisms in the environment are still poorly known, because many of the important species have been difficult to obtain in laboratory culture. Molecular biology and genomics approaches have identified new species, and also have shown that known taxa are comprised of surprisingly great diversity of closely related subspecies that have different ecological niches. Is this diversity important for the nitrogen cycle of the sea? Only a few types of microorganisms are able to draw on the rich source of nitrogen in the atmosphere (78% of the atmosphere); these organisms, called nitrogen-fixing microorganisms (diazotrophs) are very important components of oceanic ecosystems, are very difficult to study, and are likely to be sensitive to changes in climate and nitrogen perturbations. Technological advances have made it possible to study how the complex microbial communities respond to changes in nitrogen availability, including the use of remotely deployed robotic laboratories. Only within the past few decades, using these cultivation-independent approaches, a novel unicellular symbiosis between 2 single-celled microorganisms was discovered that now appears to be one of the most abundant nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, and plays a key role in global oceanic nitrogen cycling. I will discuss how technological advances are needed to determine how microbial communities respond to global climate change, and whether species diversity is important in how microbial communities respond to nitrogen, using the discovery of a very unusual nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria called UCYN-A as an example. 20161024T120000 20161024T130000 Ida Green Lounge (9th Floor), Building 54, Cambridge, MA, United States 0 PAOC Colloquium: Jonathan Zehr (UC Santa Cruz) ai1ec-818240@oceans.mit.edu 20180502T144720Z Special Events,Symposia Kerry A. Emanuel, Professor of Atmospheric Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, to speak at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard. More about the event here. This event is free and open to the public. Doors open at 4:45 p.m.; lecture begins at 5 p.m. Part of the 2016–2017 Oceans Lecture Series. A larger, one-day public symposium on the topic takes place on Friday, October 28, 2016. 20161024T164500 20161024T180000 +42.376218;-71.122349 Sheerr Room, Fay House @ Fay House, 10 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA 0 Kerry Emanuel–Harvard’s Radcliffe Institute Oceans Lecture Series dodrmf8dhrhm3e1ubac371jveo@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20161025T150500 20161025T160500 Clark 507 0 Karl Helfrich, WHOI. ‘Instabilities of internal solitary waves’. Clark 507. 0l8inq5v99j6i45p17dim1skj0@google.com 20180502T144720Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch Redox chemistry and ecological dynamics as underlying mechanisms for chemoautotrophic control of the primary nitrite maximum The primary nitrite maximum (PNM) – the accumulation of nitrite at the base of the euphotic zone – is a ubiquitous but poorly understood oceanographic feature. I will discuss how ecological dynamics and redox chemistry can explain the formation of the PNM by chemoautotrophic nitrifying microorganisms. Theoretical descriptions of nitrifying metabolisms, reflecting their underlying redox chemistry, results in the emergence of a PNM in a marine ecosystem model. I also discuss the implications for understanding rates of new production using this more mechanistic representation of nitrification. 20161026T120000 20161026T130000 54-915 0 SLS – Emily Zakem (MIT) 6tma5vcll8l79h7vi71vdu6lag@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Using acoustics to prioritize management decisions to protect coastal dolphins: a case study using Hawaiian spinner dolphins Dr. Heather Heenehan Northeast Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Abstract 20161027T120000 20161027T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Heather Heenehan toa1t42k6tp04at5csb45hridc@google.com 20180502T144720Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Houghton Lectures Reaching net zero carbon balance in the 21st Century. The Paris Agreement on climate change has an ambition of balancing the global emissions and sinks of greenhouse gases in the second half of this century in order to limit climate change and its impacts. This lecture will explain the scientific understanding behind the links between global temperature change and cumulative carbon emissions, and detail the underlying time scales, amplitude of change, and uncertainties. It will present a range of model projections of climate change this century and discuss their implicit assumptions about future carbon management and future response of the natural carbon cycle to climate change. The lecture will also discuss the risks of large and non-linear responses of the carbon cycle to a changing climate (so-called ‘tipping points’) and their potential consequences. It will conclude the full lecture series by suggesting ways to support societal responses to climate change that the students might like to pursue throughout their careers. 20161028T090000 20161028T100000 54-915 0 Houghton Lecture – Corrine Le Quere 20161028T150000-7r1v9apia8c9p6k3dqpf2bq0u8@google.com 20180502T144720Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry Understanding microbial ecology in the deep terrestrial biosphere: a geochemical and metagenomic approach 20161028T150000 20161028T160000 Building E25, Room 117 0 COG3 Seminar – Lily Momper (MIT) dkp31vb6t4shfmbdu93ro3rrqc@google.com 20180502T144720Z “Microbe-mediated trace gas fluxes—linking ecosystem genomics to atmospheric composition” Microorganisms play a significant role in driving biogeochemical cycles. These cycles include biosphere-atmosphere exchange of trace gases (e.g., CO2, CH4) that influence atmospheric composition and climate. Soils teem with microbial life that produce and consume trace gases. Understanding microbe-environment interactions is critical for predicting the response of terrestrial ecosystems to changes in land use and climate. In my research, I quantify the microbial imprint on atmospheric composition and climate using an interdisciplinary set of methods, ranging from genomics to micrometeorology. My work focuses on resolving the genomic underpinnings of microbe-mediated biogeochemical transformations in soils that drive significant atmospheric fluxes (e.g., H2, COS, 18O-CO2, CO2, CH4). The goal of my work is to determine when and how projections of biogeochemical transformations are improved by better representation of underlying biological drivers. 20161031T120000 20161031T130000 Ida Green Lounge (9th Floor), Building 54, Cambridge, MA, United States 0 PAOC Colloquium: Laura Meredith (UofA) loqqebtvf9gka4i5h01a0ujl90@google.com 20180502T144720Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch Scaling properties of Arctic sea ice deformation in high-resolution viscous-plastic sea ice models Many climate models use a rheology of the viscous-plastic type to simulate sea ice dynamics. With this rheology, large scale velocity and thickness fields can be realistically simulated, but the representation of small scale deformation rates and Linear Kinematic Features (LKF) is thought to be inadequate. However, at high resolution (< 5 km) the rheology starts to produce lines of localised deformation rates. In this study we use results from a 1-km Pan-Arctic model to investigate the influence of these deformation features on the scaling properties of sea ice deformation. For evaluation the EGPS satellite data set of small-scale sea ice kinematics for the Central Arctic (successor of RGPS) is used. The modelled sea ice deformation shows multi-fractal spatial scaling and, in this sense, agrees with the satellite data. In addition, the temporal coupling of the spatial scaling is reproduced as well. Furthermore, we examine the regional and seasonal variations of spatial scaling properties and its dependence on the ice condition, i.e. sea ice concentration and thickness, which are in agreement with previous RGPS studies. 20161031T150000 20161031T160000 54-209 0 SLS – Nils Hutter (Alfred Wegener Institute) bpof1cjcge4mclu6vhgipc8hko@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20161101T150500 20161101T160500 Clark 201 0 Henrik Soiland, Inst. Marine Research. ‘The Lofoten Basin Eddy – a permanent feature of the Norwegian Sea’. Clark 201 6bp5skbdjcmosblm18biliepgk@google.com 20180502T144720Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Houghton Lectures Humidity-cloud-precipitation feedbacks and convective organization 20161103T140000 20161103T150000 54-915 0 Houghton Lecture – Chris Bretherton (Univ. of Washington) 20161104T150000-7r1v9apia8c9p6k3dqpf2bq0u8@google.com 20180502T144720Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry 20161104T150000 20161104T160000 Building E25, Room 117 0 NO COG3 Seminar dbga52fq7oqfq72ad5kj04g7b8@google.com 20180502T144720Z Title: A metabolic constraint on the biogeography of marine species Abstract: Oxygen played a key role in the evolution of marine ecosystems. However, oxygen has not generally been considered a major constraint on the contemporary biogeography of species outside regions of exceptionally low O2. I will present a combination of physiological, climate, and species distribution data, to argue that the limits of several diverse species ranges are governed by the ratio of oxygen supply and demand, even in the well-oxygenated Atlantic Ocean. These limits correspond to an energetic requirement for organismal activity of about 2-5 times that at rest, a ratio that is shared by most terrestrial species. This metabolic constraint is rapidly tightened in the presence of climate warming due to the combination of warmer water and less O2. I will use Earth System Models to investigate and compare the loss of aerobically viable habitat in two periods of interest – the climate change projected for the 21st century and the end-Permian mass extinction. 20161107T120000 20161107T130000 Ida Green Lounge (9th Floor), Building 54, Cambridge, MA, United States 0 PAOC Colloquium: Curtis Deutsch (UW) rjr0jhqqa4vuokkj0ktj5bcago@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20161108T150500 20161108T160500 Clark 507 0 Xiaolin Zhang, FSU. ‘On the Dynamical Relationship Between Equatorial Pacific Surface Currents, Zonally-Averaged Equatorial Sea Level and El Nino Prediction’. Clark 507 2mkb1gkqss0ulbueppk98dal4k@google.com 20180502T144720Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch 20161109T120000 20161109T130000 54-915 0 Glenn Flierl (MIT) h9grmnc6ns368g28j58dk11g3s@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Temperate-subtropical transition of marine ecosystems: a synoptic case around the Ulleung Basin of the East/Japan Sea Dr. Chang-Keun Kang Professor, School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea Abstract 20161110T120000 20161110T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Chang-Keun Kang 20161111T150000-7r1v9apia8c9p6k3dqpf2bq0u8@google.com 20180502T144720Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry 20161111T150000 20161111T160000 Building E25, Room 117 0 NO COG3 Seminar – Veteran’s Day 1dvosil3l15hc01vbc4a8nrg8o@google.com 20180502T144720Z A Tale of Two Tracers: Radiocarbon and nitrous oxide isotopologues and their sources and sinks from recent observations Both CO2 and N2O are long-lived atmospheric trace gases that, coincidentally, become enriched in rare, heavy isotopes in the stratosphere followed by return to the troposphere, where the stratospheric enrichments are diluted by emissions of isotopically light CO2 (e.g., fossil fuel combustion) and N2O (e.g., microbial production). In this talk, I will focus on measurements of 14CO2 and of the oxygen and intramolecular nitrogen isotopic composition of N2O in the stratosphere and troposphere. For CO2, I will show how we use new observations in the stratosphere (e.g., Ref 1) to estimate empirically the global annual mean production rate of 14C by cosmic rays and the net 14C flux from the stratosphere to the troposphere useful for carbon cycle studies, as well as to monitor stratospheric residence times to see if they are changing in response to a predicted acceleration of the Brewer-Dobson Circulation as the climate warms. For N2O, I will show how stratospheric and tropospheric isotope observations reveal a ‘smoking gun’ for increases in agricultural emissions (similar to the Suess Effect for 14CO2) and how N2O isotope measurements can be used to distinguish between the influence of the stratospheric sink and oceanic and biospheric sources, demonstrating that isotope measurements can help in the attribution and quantification of surface sources in general (e.g., Ref. 2). 1. Kanu, A. M., L. L. Comfort, T. P. Guilderson, P. J. Cameron-Smith,D. J. Bergmann, E. L. Atlas, S. Schauffler, K. A. Boering, “Measurements and modeling of contemporary radiocarbon in the stratosphere,” Geophys. Res. Lett. 43, 1399–1406, doi:10.1002/2015GL066921, 2016 2. S. Park, P. Croteau, K. A. Boering, D.M. Etheridge, D. Ferretti, P. J. Fraser, K.-R. Kim, P.B. Krummel, R.L. Langenfelds, T.D. van Ommen, L.P. Steele, and C.M. Trudinger, "Trends and seasonal cycles in the isotopic composition of nitrous oxide since 1940," Nature Geoscience 5, 261-265, doi:10/1038/NGEO1421, 2012. 20161114T120000 20161114T130000 Ida Green Lounge (9th Floor), Building 54, Cambridge, MA, United States 0 PAOC Colloquium: Kristie A. Boering (UC Berkeley) 201i0785oebclspj16qn89c9l0@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20161115T150500 20161115T160500 Clark 507 0 Sanjiv Ramachandran, U. Mass Dartmouth. ‘Submesoscale processes in shallow, stratified layers: observations from the Bay of Bengal during the winter monsoon’. Clark 507 9qn6emngpg2i831ratfv3u8p14@google.com 20180502T144720Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch Deciphering deep ocean circulation changes between the present and the last glacial The paleoclimate record indicates that the deep ocean circulation and water masses have undergone major rearrangements between glacial and interglacial climates, which have likely played an important role in the observed atmospheric carbon dioxide swings by affecting the partitioning of carbon between the atmosphere and ocean. The mechanisms by which the deep ocean circulation changed, however, are still unclear and represent a major challenge to our understanding of past and future climates. We address this question using a hierarchy of numerical models of varying complexity, ranging from a highly idealized ocean-only model to coupled climate simulations from the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP). The results suggest that various inferred differences in the deep ocean circulation and stratification between glacial and interglacial climates can be attributed to increased Antarctic sea-ice formation in a colder world. Colder temperatures lead to thicker ice, which is exported by winds. The associated increased freshwater export leads to saltier and denser Antarctic Bottom Water, consistent with high abyssal salinities inferred for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The enhanced deep ocean stratification moreover results in a weakening and shoaling of the inter-hemispheric overturning circulation, again consistent with proxy evidence for the LGM. The results also highlight the importance to distinguish between the equilibrium and transient response of the ocean circulation to climatic changes. The adjustment of the deep ocean circulation is found to be highly non-monotonic, with the response on centennial time-scales differing qualitatively from the equilibrium results. This distinction is rarely observable in complex coupled climate models, which cannot be integrated for sufficiently long times. 20161116T120000 20161116T130000 54-915 0 SLS – Malte Jansen (University of Chicago) rt96r0ojhvmsvq6tud783hsbh0@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Biology Department Special Seminar Biology All-Hands Meeting Abstract 20161117T120000 20161117T130000 Redfield Aud 0 Biology All-Hands Meeting 11nvqng7jvau2ap5u1ieapltuo@google.com 20180502T144720Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Houghton Lectures Insights from high-resolution simulation of cloud feedbacks 20161117T140000 20161117T150000 54-915 0 Houghton Lecture – Chris Bretherton (Univ. of Washington) 20161118T150000-7r1v9apia8c9p6k3dqpf2bq0u8@google.com 20180502T144720Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry Chemical Controls on Calcite Dissolution Kinetics in Seawater 20161118T150000 20161118T160000 Building E25, Room 117 0 COG3 Seminar – Adam Subhas (Caltech) 3r1hc60nolila09bg1n4bqiujo@google.com 20180502T144720Z Title: Inventing Atmospheric Science: Gordian Knots and the Quest for Prevision Abstract: Atmospheric researchers have long attempted to untie the Gordian Knot of meteorology—that intractable and intertwined tangle of observational imprecision, theoretical uncertainties, and non-linear influences—that, if unraveled, would provide perfect prevision of the weather for ten days, of seasonal conditions for next year, and of climatic conditions for a decade, a century, a millennium, or longer. This presentation, based on Inventing Atmospheric Science (The M.I.T. Press, 2016), examines the work of three interconnected generations of scientists and the influence of three families of transformative technologies in the first six decades of the twentieth century, from the dawn of applied fluid dynamics to the emergence, by 1960, of the interdisciplinary atmospheric sciences. About the speaker: Jim Fleming is the Charles A. Dana Professor of Science, Technology, and Society at Colby College, Maine. He earned a B.S. in astronomy from Pennsylvania State University, an M.S. in atmospheric science from Colorado State University,​ and a Ph.D. in history from Princeton University. He has written extensively on the history of weather, climate, technology, and the environment including social, cultural, and intellectual aspects. His books include Meteorology in America (Johns Hopkins, 1990), Historical Perspectives on Climate Change (Oxford, 1998), The Callendar Effect (AMS, 2007), Fixing the Sky (Columbia, 2010), and Inventing Atmospheric Science (MIT, 2016). He is series editor of Palgrave Studies in the History of Science and Technology, a research associate of the Smithsonian Institution, a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and a fellow of the American Meteorological Society. Jim is a resident of China, Maine (not Mainland China!) He enjoys fishing, good jazz, good BBQ, seeing students flourish, and building the community of historians of science and technology. "Everything is unprecedented if you don't study history." Profile: http://www.colby.edu/directory/profile/jfleming/ 20161121T120000 20161121T130000 Ida Green Lounge (9th Floor), Building 54, Cambridge, MA, United States 0 PAOC Colloquium: James Fleming (Colby) a0cjs9f8f6q551t8rifnp5lb3c@google.com 20180502T144720Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch The vertical structure of ocean eddies Since we began observing the ocean surface with satellites, it's been of interest to understand how the surface fields reflect motion at depth. A series of recent modeling studies suggest the vertical structure is fairly well-captured by a single mode, intensified near the surface and decaying to zero with depth. A study of 69 globally-distributed current meters supports this, in many locations outside of the tropics. The reason for the dominance of a surface is explored theoretically, using a simple two layer model. The latter predicts a wavenumber frequency spectra which resembles that in the ocean, except at small scales. The latter are shown to be more likely to transfer energy to large scales, leaving the (non-dispersive) large scale waves in tact. A similar conclusion was made previously from idealized numerical experiments. 20161122T120000 20161122T130000 54-915 0 SLS – Joe Lacasce (University of Oslo) qsqa1mgrgh6pq3droobvhhr4g4@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20161122T150500 20161122T160500 Clark 507 0 Cancelled 20161125T150000-7r1v9apia8c9p6k3dqpf2bq0u8@google.com 20180502T144720Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry 20161125T150000 20161125T160000 Building E25, Room 117 0 NO COG3 Seminar – Thanksgiving Vacation ca874dkiaemk7vqdgbq88fk3p4@google.com 20180502T144720Z Title: First results from year-around biogeochemical float observations in the Southern Ocean Jorge L. Sarmiento, Princeton University Abstract: Understanding of Southern Ocean biogeochemical and carbon system processes is severely hampered by the virtual absence of wintertime observations over most of the region. I report on initial findings by the Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling (SOCCOM) Project, which will eventually deploy ~200 Argo type floats equipped with nitrate, oxygen, pH and optical sensors, of which >50 have already been launched. Initial analysis of a subset of these floats exhibits wintertime behavior that differs dramatically from what had been inferred previously, with major implications for our understanding of the ocean carbon cycle. 20161128T120000 20161128T130000 Ida Green Lounge (9th Floor), Building 54, Cambridge, MA, United States 0 PAOC Colloquium: Jorge Sarmiento (Princeton) qn510o9eftfon0877oph272tj0@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20161129T150500 20161129T160500 Clark 507 0 Mathieu Dever, Dalhousie U. ‘Investigating the dynamics of a buoyant coastal current using observations and a simple conceptual model’. Clark 507. pk0iqfejbpehn1plfruqhpea5o@google.com 20180502T144720Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch Stability and Internal Flow Variability of Ice Sheets Ice streams are regions of fast-flowing ice embedded within ice sheets that account for the majority of mass transport from ice sheet interiors to the ocean. Variability of ice stream flow on centennial to millennial time scales plays an important role in the present mass balance of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. In this talk, I show how a simple model of subglacial meltwater production coupled to ice flow explains the underlying physical mechanism for millennial-scale, unforced ice stream variability and predicts the transition to steady ice stream flow. The model equally well reproduces modern ice stream variability in the Siple Coast region of West Antarctica and Heinrich events, periods of increased ice discharge from the Laurentide Ice Sheet during the last glacial period. In a more realistic, purpose-built model, the same mechanism produces variability and rapid migrations of the ice stream grounding line. These migrations are always associated with mass imbalance near the grounding line, but not necessarily in the ice stream at large, which is important to consider when interpreting modern observations of grounding line variability. Under certain conditions, this ice stream variability may cause the grounding line to slow down for hundreds to thousands of years even as it retreats onto a reverse bed slope, before readvancing. Such behavior runs counter to the conventional theories predicting the instability of ice sheets on reverse bed slopes. Determining if such behavior occurs in real ice sheets is important when evaluating the likelihood of irreversible ice sheet collapse and rapid sea level rise in the future. 20161130T120000 20161130T130000 54-915 0 SLS – Alexander Robel (California Institute of Technology & University of Chicago) tqeqb6c8rr4q8aj6gkpl9tk79c@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Microbial Community Assembly and Function on Model Marine Particles Dr. Otto X. Cordero Doherty Assistant Professor of Ocean Utilization Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Abstract 20161201T120000 20161201T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Otto X. Cordero 20161202T150000-7r1v9apia8c9p6k3dqpf2bq0u8@google.com 20180502T144720Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry 20161202T150000 20161202T160000 Building E25, Room 117 0 No COG3 Seminar b96dpbmi2e321r9umguaqj1elk@google.com 20180502T144720Z Title: Understanding storm tracks shifts: From the seasonal cycle to future climate change Abstract: Storm tracks dominate weather and climate in the extratropics. In response to forcing, e.g. seasonal insolation, ENSO, ozone depletion, increased CO2, storm tracks exhibit robust meridional shifts. Here we develop an energetic framework for storm track position. We apply it across a range of timescales to reveal robust regimes that help to explain why storm tracks shift meridionally. 20161205T120000 20161205T130000 Ida Green Lounge (9th Floor), Building 54, Cambridge, MA, United States 0 PAOC Colloquium: Tiffany Shaw (U Chicago) 1vqdas7rpailo65d73688bl5c4@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20161206T150500 20161206T160500 Clark 201 0 Terry Joyce, WHOI. ‘On the slowing of the Deep Western Boundary Current southeast of Cape Cod: 2004-2014’. Clark 201 5g6bl6kgr3mktf5110aik0lplk@google.com 20180502T144720Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch 20161207T120000 20161207T130000 54-915 0 SLS – Oliver Andrews (Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia) l53b7gdo69g7pn3luhdiajrd30@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Top-down control of coccolithophore populations during spring in a temperate shelf sea environment Mr. Kyle Mayers PhD Student, Marine Biogeochemistry, National Oceanography Centre Southampton Abstract 20161208T120000 20161208T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Mr. Kyle Mayers gljvm978hngma95e8hb8m9lea8@google.com 20180502T144720Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Houghton Lectures Ultraparameterization: Using large eddy simulation for global simulation of boundary layer clouds and climate 20161208T140000 20161208T150000 54-915 0 Houghton Lecture – Chris Bretherton (Univ. of Washington) 20161209T150000-7r1v9apia8c9p6k3dqpf2bq0u8@google.com 20180502T144720Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry 20161209T150000 20161209T160000 Building E25, Room 117 0 NO COG3 Seminar sji490aa80k4cd6l4v0ttdtk38@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20161213T150500 20161213T160500 0 Cancelled enootj7h0g9qv4m68l1dpcr708@google.com 20180502T144720Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry 20161216T150000 20161216T160000 Building E25, Room 117 0 NO COG3 Seminar – Finals Week/AGU 41na9ve8oeu1kk3je5sdgjnagg@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20161220T150500 20161220T160500 0 Cancelled nhrv0urv9c3lpmtbhugav1qbio@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20161227T150500 20161227T160500 0 Cancelled dkrhgngl4lmoe03n3bqn1s1ssg@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20170103T150500 20170103T160500 Clark 507 0 Cancelled n2a24r058dp3p713notb7hrm2g@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20170110T150500 20170110T160500 Clark 507 0 Young-Oh Kwon, WHOI. ‘North Atlantic Blocking Variability and Role of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation’. Clark 507 v2guutppqmq5fej597g9gsl9k8@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Oceanographic influences on benthic fjord communities in the high Arctic Dr. Kirstin Meyer Postdoctoral Scholar Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Abstract 20170112T120000 20170112T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Kirstin Meyer diijpup835rtbtl3bb36rfguso@google.com 20180502T144720Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography Lateral mixing by mesoscale eddies is widely recognized as a crucial mechanism for the global ocean circulation and the associated heat/salt/tracer transports. The Salinity in the Upper Ocean Processes Study (SPURS) confirmed the importance of eddy mixing for the surface salinity fields even in the center of the subtropical gyre of the North Atlantic. We focus on the global salinity maxima due to their role as indicators for global changes in the hydrological cycle as well as providing the source water masses for the shallow overturning circulation. We introduce a novel approach to estimate the contribution of eddy mixing to the global sea surface salinity maxima. Using a global 2D tracer experiments in a 1/10 degree MITgcm setup driven by observed surface velocities, we analyze the effect of eddy mixing using a water mass framework, thus focussing on the diffusive flux across surface isohalines. This enables us to diagnose temporal variability on seasonal to inter annual time scales, revealing regional differences in the mechanism causing temporal variability.Sensitivity experiments with various salinity backgrounds reveal robust inter annual variability caused by changes in the surface velocity fields potentially forced by large scale climate. 20170117T150500 20170117T160500 Clark 507 0 Julius Busecke, LDEO. ‘Temporal variability in eddy mixing in the global subtropics’. Clark 507. 5903rc7990lu7h5jpi81q0r0jg@google.com 20180502T144721Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Insights into zooplankton behavior from the largest anoxic basin, the Black Sea: Observations with multifrequency scientific echosounder Dr. Serdar Sakinin Postdoctoral Fellow WHOI Biology Department Abstract 20170119T120000 20170119T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Serdar Sakinan 0c6arp1d01o746e526qphr8ntk@google.com 20180502T144721Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20170119T140500 20170119T150500 Clark 201 0 Carina Bringedal, U. Bergen. ‘Idealized models for wind driven variations in an overturning circulation’. Clark 201. b2cucnmv3pe11dr4k3lgc1nj1c@google.com 20180502T144721Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20170124T150500 20170124T160500 Clark 507 0 David Nieves, WHOI. ‘Non-hydrostatic, rapidly rotating and stably stratified flows’. Clark 507 vvvsv61b64js9fn60mlps8itoo@google.com 20180502T144721Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Diurnal movement, diving and activity patterns of juvenile green and hawksbill sea turtles in Brewers Bay St Thomas US Virgin Islands Dr. Paul Jobsis Associate Professor and Director of the Center for Marine & Environmental Studies, University of the Virgin Islands Abstract 20170126T120000 20170126T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Paul Jobsis nol9amv4bcuebgiunj177dn9q0@google.com 20180502T144721Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20170131T150500 20170131T160500 Clark 507 0 Rhys Parfitt, WHOI. ‘To what extent do oceanic frontal zones affect mid-latitude weather and climate?’. Clark 507. vug5k5n1o0vt2tcu6ik60s3vh4@google.com 20180502T144721Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Connections between aquaculture, our food system and climate Mr. Scott Lindell Visiting Investigator WHOI Biology Department Abstract 20170202T120000 20170202T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Mr. Scott Lindell 4976enni5i3j1pu5nflav90cs0@google.com 20180502T144721Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch Chasing Water: Lagrangian tracking of tracers, plastic and plankton through the global ocean The ocean is in constant motion, with water circulating within and flowing between basins. As the water moves around, it caries heat and nutrients, as well as larger objects like planktonic organisms and litter around the globe. The most natural way to study the pathways of water and the connections between ocean basins is using particle trajectories. The trajectories can come from either computing of virtual floats in high-resolution ocean models, or from the paths of free-flowing observational drifters (surface buoys or Argo floats) in the real ocean. In this seminar, I'll give an overview of some recent work with Lagrangian particles. I will show applications to dynamical oceanography, marine ecology, palaeoclimatology and marine plastic pollution. Central to each of these studies is the question on how connected the different ocean basins are, and on what time scales water flows between the different regions of the ocean. 20170207T000000 20170207T010000 54-915 0 SLS — Erik van Sebille (Imperial College London) t5ke92ulk1dnd2rbqjqu41l4as@google.com 20180502T144721Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20170207T150500 20170207T160500 Clark 507 0 Tom Rossby, URI. ‘Currents, fluxes and the MOC between Cape Farewell and Scotland’. Clark 507. 20170210T100000-n91e8qdrst0dg1c0kqh59dudk0@google.com 20180502T144721Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry Linking fault-zone geology, fluid flow and seismicity at oceanic transform faults 20170210T100000 20170210T110000 Building E25, Room 119 0 COG3 Seminar – Jessica Warren (University of Delaware) n91e8qdrst0dg1c0kqh59dudk0@google.com 20180502T144721Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry 20170210T100000 20170210T110000 20170210T100000 20170217T100000 20170224T100000 20170303T100000 20170324T100000 20170331T100000 20170414T100000 20170421T100000 20170505T100000 20170512T100000 Building E25, Room 119 FREQ=WEEKLY;UNTIL=20170512T140000Z;BYDAY=FR 0 COG3 Seminar – Speaker () 20170213T120000-8ccmb0ifths3ko79iorelr6vsk@google.com 20180502T144721Z Title: Monsoon circulations and tropical heterogeneous chlorine chemistry in the stratosphere Abstract: This seminar presents novel findings that expand the range of latitudes over which heterogeneous chemistry operates in the stratosphere. It has long been thought that heterogeneous chlorine chemistry would only be important in the Antarctic and Arctic. Our new work shows that tropical heterogeneous chemistry is also important. Transport processes associated with the summer monsoons bring increased abundances of hydrochloric acid into contact with liquid sulfate aerosols in the cold tropical lowermost stratosphere, leading to heterogeneous chemical activation of chlorine species. The calculations indicate that the spatial and seasonal distributions of chlorine monoxide and chlorine nitrate near the monsoon regions of the northern hemisphere tropical and subtropical lowermost stratosphere could provide indicators of heterogeneous chlorine processing. In the model, these processes impact the local ozone budget and decrease ozoneabundances, implying a chemical contribution to longer-term northern tropical ozone profile changes at 16-19 km. 20170213T120000 20170213T130000 Ida Green Lounge (9th Floor), Building 54, Cambridge, MA, United States 0 **CANCELLED** PAOC Colloquium: Susan Solomon, MIT 8ccmb0ifths3ko79iorelr6vsk@google.com 20180502T144721Z 20170213T120000 20170213T130000 20170227T120000 20170306T120000 20170313T120000 20170320T120000 20170327T120000 20170403T120000 20170410T120000 20170417T120000 20170424T120000 20170501T120000 FREQ=WEEKLY;COUNT=12;BYDAY=MO 0 PAOC Colloquium me9klcq795qiesh92ut2brjc4g@google.com 20180502T144721Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20170214T150500 20170214T160500 Clark 507 0 Kate Lowry, WHOI. ‘The influence of sea ice and hydrography on phytoplankton bloom dynamics in the Chukchi Sea’. Clark 507 5admdpcsqbl9p2c7admptacdk8@google.com 20180502T144721Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Building a tool kit to assess reproductive performance of sea scallop populations Ms. Skylar Bayer Ph.D. Candidate in Marine Biology School of Marine Sciences University of Maine Abstract 20170216T120000 20170216T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Ms. Skylar Bayer usev2apv2hqk7s86sv039o2bf4@google.com 20180502T144721Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20170216T140500 20170216T150000 Clark 201 0 Steingrimur Jonsson, U. Akureyri. ‘Study of water exchange, circulation and oxygen levels in a small fjord in Iceland following the death of 52 thousand tons of herring’. Clark 201 20170217T100000-n91e8qdrst0dg1c0kqh59dudk0@google.com 20180502T144721Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry Life under ice: Exploring the microbial landscape of Antarctic lakes 20170217T100000 20170217T110000 Building E25, Room 119 0 COG3 Seminar – Tyler Mackey (MIT) 20170220T120000-8ccmb0ifths3ko79iorelr6vsk@google.com 20180502T144721Z Title: A few new perspectives on humanity and Earth’s climate Abstract: When fossil fuel energy was discovered, the timing and intensity of the resulting climate impacts depended on what the natural CO2 concentration in the atmosphere was at that time, which could have been anything. The radiative forcing scales as the ratio of the fossil fuel CO2 in the atmosphere to the background, natural CO2 concentration. Assuming continued exponential growth in the fossil carbon in the atmosphere, altering the background concentration has the effect of dialing the radiative forcing and climate response back and forth in time. If the natural concentration had been a factor of two or more lower, the climate impacts of fossil fuel CO2 release would have occurred about 50 or more years sooner, making it much more challenging for the developing human society to scientifically understand the phenomenon of anthropogenic climate change in time to prevent it. Now that we understand the situation, much of our decision-making progress involves money. The costs of cutting CO2 emissions (mitigation) can be balanced against a construct called the Social Cost of Carbon, which is formulated to represent future costs as their present-day equivalents using discounting, in order to compare fairly against the immediate costs of mitigation. U.S. EPA valued the SCC at about $40 / ton of CO2. I will show the derivation of a different but complementary number, the potential Ultimate Social Cost of Carbon to 5000 future human generations of the climate impacts from fossil CO2 release. Long term sea level rise of 50 meters provides the clearest impact. I get about $40k / ton CO2. The formulation treats humanity as any other component of the terrestrial biosphere, in an end-member case where we do not transcend biological limitations such as by soil and water availability. Costs are integrated through time based on the assumption that each generation of humanity values its world (whatever it may look like) equally to any other generation, in particular to our own. 20170221T120000 20170221T130000 0 PAOC Colloquium: David Archer (U Chicago) hn0vrl3v3khlk6nb701l05d7ac@google.com 20180502T144721Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20170221T150500 20170221T160500 Clark 507 0 Matthew Falder, U. Birmingham. ‘Sharp transition from internal waves to stratified turbulence observed in seismic reflection images’. Clark 507 t6tjald4oboucoglctjbv2mqss@google.com 20180502T144721Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Copepod biogeography in a changing Arctic Ocean Dr. Zhixuan Feng Postdoctora Investigator WHOI Biology Department Abstract 20170223T120000 20170223T130000 0 Dr. Zhixuan Feng 20170224T100000-n91e8qdrst0dg1c0kqh59dudk0@google.com 20180502T144721Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry The Mars Mantle: Insights from Rover Missions and Terrestrial Analogues Basaltic igneous rocks represent samples of a planet’s interior and give insight to the degree of heterogeneity or homogeneity of the interior. This talk will focus on the origins of geochemical diversity and estimates of oxygen fugacity among igneous and least altered sedimentary rocks measured by rover missions. Relative influences of partial melting, fractional crystallization, and mantle metasomatism will be explored. Terrestrial mantle xenoliths from alkaline provinces are considered as analogues to the Martian mantle, including cumulate xenoliths from post-shield Hawaiian volcanoes and metasomatized xenoliths from Mount Taylor Volcanic Field (New Mexico). Such a comparison is worthwhile because the Martian upper mantle is likely a mixture of primary, residual, metasomatized, and cumulate mantle. 20170224T100000 20170224T110000 Building E25, Room 119 0 COG3 Seminar – Mariek Schmidt (Brock University) 70s03f34m8abqg7qu8bai18etg@google.com 20180502T144721Z Eddy-driven subduction of carbon and oxygen from the upper ocean How organic carbon and oxygen produced through photosynthesis in the upper ocean make their way in to the stratified interior is of relevance for the biological pump. Sinking of particulate organic matter contributes to exporting carbon and nitrogen. But, oxygen necessarily relies on an advective flux that feeds the bacterial demand for decomposing organic matter at depth. Glider profiles of oxygen, backscatter and chlorophyll are analyzed following the spring phytoplankton bloom in the subpolar North Atlantic and show signatures of subducting water features intertwined within the eddy field. A numerical model reveals how eddies subduct surface waters rich in carbon and oxygen during the phase of mixed layer stratification that follows the onset of the spring bloom. The downward flux can be quantified in terms of the horizontal and vertical gradients of buoyancy and tracer. Evaluation of the scaling estimate over the global oceans shows that eddy-driven subduction following the spring bloom makes a sizable contribution to the export of carbon and oxygen from the high-latitude oceans. 20170227T120000 20170227T130000 54-915 0 PAOC Colloquium – Amala Mahadevan (WHOI) vt5avemev1nv2u36npr0hkdqg4@google.com 20180502T144721Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography The Brewer-Dobson circulation, the meridional overturning of mass in the stratosphere, is important for the distribution of gases in the stratosphere, such as ozone and water vapor, which impact surface climate. I will present a theory that relates the ideal tracer "age of air" to this circulation strength. Age can be determined from certain trace gases, and I have applied the theory to obtain the first data-based estimate of the global meridional overturning circulation of the stratosphere. When I compare this to models and reanalysis data, I find substantial disagreement. I will then show how age of air provides enough information to determine the full circulation by deriving a quantitative relationship between the age distribution and the adiabatic component of the circulation. 20170228T150500 20170228T160500 Clark 507 0 Marianna Linz, MIT/WHOI. ‘A theory for calculating the strength of the stratospheric circulation from age’. Clark 507 pjlef2grif27kg8g886drvn09k@google.com 20180502T144721Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch Warm-route versus cold-route interbasin exchange in the meridional overturning circulation - Why is the Atlantic saltier than the Pacific? The interbasin exchange of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) is studied in an idealized domain with two basins connected by a circumpolar channel in the southernmost region. Gnanadesikan’s (1999) conceptual model for the upper branch of the MOC is extended to include two basins of different widths connected by a re-entrant channel at the southern edge and separated by two continents of different meridional extents. Its analysis illustrates the basic processes of interbasin flow exchange either through the connection at the southern latitude of the long continent (cold route) or through the connection at the southern latitude of the short continent (warm route). A cold-route exchange occurs when the short continent is poleward of the latitude separating the sub-polar and sub-tropical gyre in the southern hemisphere, otherwise there is warm-route exchange. The predictions of the conceptual model are compared to primitive equation computations in a domain with the same idealized geometry forced by wind-stress, surface temperature relaxation and surface salinity flux. A visualization of the horizontal structure of the upper branch of the MOC illustrates the cold and warm routes of interbasin exchange flows. Diagnostics of the primitive equation computations show that the warm-route exchange flow is responsible for a substantial salinification of the basin where sinking occurs. This salinification is larger when the interbasin exchange is via the warm route, and it is more pronounced when the warm-route exchange flows from the wide to the narrow basin. 20170301T120000 20170301T130000 54-915 0 SLS — Paola Cessi (Scripps) b2thnvnd9joejech1tsch4021g@google.com 20180502T144721Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Patterns and consequences of kinship in marine populations Dr. Cassidy D'Aloia Postdoctoral Scholar WHOI Biology Department Abstract 20170302T120000 20170302T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Cassidy D’Aloia 20170303T100000-n91e8qdrst0dg1c0kqh59dudk0@google.com 20180502T144721Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry Dust in the Wind: Investigating Past and Present Dust Deposition in the Uinta Mountains, Utah Eolian delivery of mineral dust impacts soil development, contributes to soil fertility, influences surface water chemistry, and alters snowpack albedo in high mountain ecosystems. This study focuses on past and present deposition of mineral dust in the alpine zone of the Uinta Mountains in northeastern Utah. Alpine soil profiles in the Uintas feature a ubiquitous layer of silt ~20 cm thick, indicating that dust deposition has been a significant long-term process in this environment. Four passive dust collectors were deployed in June, 2011, and an additional four were deployed in October, 2015. These collectors document an average dust flux of ~4 g/m2/yr, similar to values measured from snowpack samples in the Wind River (Wyoming) and San Juan (Colorado) Mountains. XRD analysis reveals that the dust is dominated by quartz, potassium feldspar, plagioclase, and illite. Some samples contain amphibole and chlorite. The dust is very well-sorted, with a median size of 8 μm. Geochemical records from lacustrine sediment cores reveal that the flux and properties of dust arriving in the Uinta Mountains have varied over the post-glacial period, likely in response to regional changes in aridity. A specially designed active sampler deployed at an elevation of 3700 m collects separate samples of NNW and SSE provenance. Differences in grain size distribution, mineralogy, and geochemistry of samples from contrasting wind directions indicate the importance of regional dust sources. 20170303T100000 20170303T110000 Building 54, Room 915 0 COG3 Seminar – Jeff Munroe (Middlebury College) 20170306T120000-8ccmb0ifths3ko79iorelr6vsk@google.com 20180502T144721Z 20170306T120000 20170306T130000 0 Open House lora794199g0vou53mqqarjl7k@google.com 20180502T144721Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20170307T150500 20170307T160500 0 Jake Gebbie, Irina Rypina and Amala Mahadevan, WHOI. From Circulation to Mixing — Some Vignettes of Physical Oceanography. Clark 201 lmlhi8pt0d9au0c0m4m7tg5ke0@google.com 20180502T144721Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch Barotropic turbulence above topography: form stress and eddy saturation Wind is an important driver of large-scale ocean currents, imparting momentum into the ocean at the sea surface. This force is almost entirely balanced by topographic form stress (that is the correlation of bottom pressure and topographic slope). The direct effect of bottom or skin friction in turbulent boundary layers is almost negligible for the momentum balance. We use a one-layer barotropic model to study the effect of a random monoscale bottom topography on beta-plane geostrophic turbulence. The model forcing is a uniform steady wind stress that produces both a uniform large-scale flow and smaller-scale macroturbulence. The macroturbulence is characterized by both standing and transient eddies and the large-scale flow is retarded by a combination of bottom drag and domain-averaged topographic form stress produced by the standing eddies. A main control parameter is the ratio of beta to the root mean square gradient of the topographic potential vorticity (PV). We derive asymptotic scaling laws for the strength of the large-scale flow in the limiting cases of weak and strong forcing. If beta is comparable to, or larger than, the topographic PV gradient there is an “eddy saturation” regime in which the large-scale flow is insensitive to large changes in the wind stress. We show that eddy saturation requires strong transient eddies that act effectively as PV diffusion. This diffusion does not decrease the strength of the standing eddies but it does increase the topographic form stress by enhancing the correlation between topographic slope and the standing eddy pressure field. 20170308T120000 20170308T130000 54-915 0 SLS — William Young (Scripps) 03odrjl8abvla790h9pqe6ihbc@google.com 20180502T144721Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography The Sound of Fury? Drivers of snapping shrimp sound production and their domination of marine acoustic environments Dr. Ashlee Lillis Postdoctoral Scholar Woods Holde Oceanographic Institution Abstract 20170309T120000 20170309T130000 0 Dr. Ashlee Lillis 20170310T100000-n91e8qdrst0dg1c0kqh59dudk0@google.com 20180502T144721Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry Generation of Arc Crust Requires Oxidation of the Mantle Continental crust forms uniquely on Earth. High water and oxygen activities lead to the generation of continental crust, but the location, mechanism, and pathway by which oxygen activity increases remains elusive. I¹ll present recent work mapping oxygen activity in space and time during subduction zone initiation in the Western Pacific, a story told by basalts and forearc peridotites. 20170310T100000 20170310T110000 Building E25, Room 119 0 COG3 Seminar – Elizabeth Cottrell (Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History) a8pluujhk0955eqltsvjq6pob8@google.com 20180502T144721Z Title: Changes in the statistics of U.S. tornado reports Abstract: Tornadoes damage property and kill people each year. Recent observational studies have noted changes in the statistics of tornadoes reported in the U.S. While there is believed to have been no changes in the annual number of reliably reported tornadoes, year-to-year variability has increased and more tornadoes are occurring in clusters (outbreaks). A natural question is whether a changing climate might be responsible for these trends. The length, variability and quality of the U.S. tornado record make answering that question difficult. An alternative approach is to examine large-scale meteorological features such as vertical wind shear and convective available potential energy that are associated with increased likelihood of severe thunderstorm activity. These associations can be summarized in indices which are functions of the local environment and whose values indicate the likelihood of severe thunderstorms. Here we compare variability in tornado reports to observed changes in meteorological environments, as well as those expected under climate change. 20170313T120000 20170313T130000 Ida Green Lounge (9th Floor), Building 54, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States 0 PAOC Colloquium: Prof. Michael Tippett (Columbia University) 390i4j6i57kb0bgdtfr5hhp1sk@google.com 20180502T144721Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography **SPECIAL BIOSEMINAR** Long Term Shift in Cod Phenology Linked to Water Clarity and Delayed Spring Bloom Onset Dr. Anders Frugård Opdal Postdoctoral Researcher University of Bergen, Norway Abstract 20170314T140000 20170314T160000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Anders Frugård Opdal – cancelled di3t8ip1keifimq60bi5cjnl2s@google.com 20180502T144721Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20170314T150500 20170314T160500 Clark 507 0 Bernadette Sloyan, CSIRO. ‘Sustained Ocean Observations: the role of the OOPC (Ocean Observations Physics and Climate panel)’. Clark 507 282jnfvshnuoiapnbkcm8bf17g@google.com 20180502T144721Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch Southern Ocean eddies: generation, propagation and decay The Southern Ocean has high concentrations of eddy kinetic energy, but analysis of altimeter data and an ocean state estimate show that the generation of relatively large amplitude eddies is not a ubiquitous feature of the Southern Ocean but rather a phenomenon that is constrained to isolated, well-defined regions. Five “hotspots” of high probability of eddy generation are identified using altimeter data. These hotspots are located downstream of major topographic features, with their boundaries closely following f/H contours. Eddies generated in these locations do not propagate far but decay within the boundaries of the generation area. The anisotropy of the dispersion of eddy tracks in geographical coordinates versus a rotated coordinates system aligned with f/H contours, shows that eddies tend to follow f/H contours rather than f. Maps of buoyancy and shear production terms computed from a state estimation model show enhanced values of both conversion terms inside the hotspots, with buoyancy production two orders of magnitude larger than shear production. The mean potential density field estimated from Argo floats shows that inside the hotspots isopycnal slopes are steep, indicating availability of potential energy and providing further evidence of the main generation mechanism. The hotspots identified in this paper overlap with previously identified regions of standing meanders. We hypothesize that hotspot locations can be explained by the combined effect of topographic features, standing meanders which enhanced baroclinic instability and availability of potential energy to generate eddies via baroclinic instabilities. 20170315T120000 20170315T130000 0 SLS — Uriel Zajaczkovski (Scripps) 5ejrbo74o0qejme6sc4vhqf0sc@google.com 20180502T144721Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Water and War: Hydropolitics in the Middle East Dr. Darlene Ketten Assistant Clinical Professor, Harvard Medical School Senior Research Scientist, Boston University Designated Expert, Environment-Science- Technology-Health, U.S. Department of State Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs/Iraq (NEA/I/ECON/ESTH) Abstract 20170316T120000 20170316T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Darlene Ketten 20170317T100000-n91e8qdrst0dg1c0kqh59dudk0@google.com 20180502T144721Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry Seeing Through the Haze: Using Sulfur-Isotope Systematics to Probe the Composition of Earth's Early Atmosphere Reconstructing the evolution of atmospheric chemistry has long been the focus of geochemical research; however, the utility of our geochemical toolbox is rarely without inference. Introducing quadruple S-isotope systematics, we’ll take a ramble through the Archean sulfur-isotope record and take a glimpse at the evolution of our atmosphere. Focusing on newer, high-resolution, approaches I will present recent and [maybe] emerging data that constrains the first irreversible rise in atmospheric oxygen—The Great Oxidation Event—as well as a mechanism that may have expedited the accumulation of oxygen and the biological innovations that followed. 20170317T100000 20170317T110000 Building E25, Room 119 0 COG3 Seminar – Gareth Izon (MIT) 1rortkmnnqldlfr3ep8prjv5i8@google.com 20180502T144721Z Title: Why does climate sensitivity go up as ocean heat uptake declines? A linear systems perspective. Transient climate sensitivity tends to increase on multiple timescales in climate models subject to an abrupt CO2 increase, which suggests that: (1) we may be systematically underestimating equilibrium sensitivity in the models, and (2) constraining equilibrium sensitivity from observations is a tricky business at best. I will argue that the radiative feedback and ocean heat uptake processes governing transient sensitivity are intimately connected. Idealized GCM experiments show that the global climatic impact of spatially localized ocean heat uptake patterns are very sensitive to their geographical distribution. I will discuss these results in terms of the efficacy concept and a linear systems perspective in which responses to individual climate forcing agents are additive. Heat uptake can be treated as a slowly varying forcing on the atmosphere and surface, whose efficacy is strongly determined by its spatial pattern. An illustrative linear model demonstrates the emergence of increasing climate sensitivity as a simple consequence of the slow decay of high-efficacy sub-polar heat uptake. Shortwave cloud feedbacks are a key player in this increasing climate sensitivity, both in idealized and CMIP5-type models. I propose a causal physical mechanism linking sub-polar heat uptake to a global-scale increase in lower-tropospheric stability. 20170320T120000 20170320T130000 0 PAOC Colloquium: Brian Rose, U Albany oma9kf030v4ftord9je507b98o@google.com 20180502T144721Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20170321T150500 20170321T160500 Clark 507 0 Cancelled n78gmna67inb2gblveqfug4cng@google.com 20180502T144721Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Disentangling bottom-up and top-down effects on Calanus dynamics in high latitude systems Dr. Kristina Kvile Postdoctoral Scholar Biology Department, WHOI Abstract 20170323T120000 20170323T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Kristina Kvile 20170324T100000-n91e8qdrst0dg1c0kqh59dudk0@google.com 20180502T144721Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry Cave records from Southeast Asia: Windows to past hydroclimate variability Despite significant advances in our understanding of tropical Australasian monsoon climate variability over the past decade(s), we still know very little about the range and mechanisms of rainfall variability in Southeast Asia on orbital (~100,000-year) to millennial (~1000-year) timescales. As a result, state-of-the-art general circulation models have little data with which to validate simulations of past climate, thereby placing much uncertainty on future projections of monsoon variability. Given the large population of SE Asia who rely on the monsoon rains for agriculture and economic development, it is critical that we gain a better understanding on the factors that influence the monsoon climate. Over the past decade, my colleagues and I have explored a host of cave systems in remote regions of SE Asia installing data-loggers and collecting stalagmites, with the overarching goals being to: i) better constrain modern processes controlling speleothem growth, and in particular, how they preserve above-cave climate changes; and ii) to build high-resolution and long records of past monsoon behavior from the geochemical signals preserved in these deposits. In this talk, I will discuss the utility of speleothems to accurately preserve past changes in regional SE Asian hydroclimate, and their strong potential in addressing current uncertainties in tropical climate variability over a range of timescales (i.e. glacial-interglacial to millennial), particularly with respect to how the Asian monsoon responded to past changes in Earth’s boundary conditions. 20170324T100000 20170324T110000 Building E25, Room 119 0 COG3 Seminar – Michael Griffiths (William Paterson University) ff3a92mf45iu10cje3af9r9mqo@google.com 20180502T144721Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20170328T150500 20170328T160500 Clark 507 0 Sylvia Cole, WHOI. ‘Momentum transfer in the Arctic marginal ice zone’. Clark 507 a367u2sbk5rv6slo58dc5no8j0@google.com 20180502T144721Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography 20170330T120000 20170330T130000 Redfiled Auditorium 0 No Biology Seminar ai1ec-824612@oceans.mit.edu 20180502T144721Z Special Events http://www.neaq.org/learn/lectures/upcoming-lectures/ Speakers:  Robert Vincent, Ph.D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sea Grant College Program Rose M. Martin, Ph.D., Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Postdoctoral Researcher at EPA Atlantic Ecology Division The MIT Sea Grant College Program and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency have been working with the National Park Service to study carbon cycling in coastal dune habitats, as well as the effects of historic peat deposits on the establishment and persistence of invasive plants (Phragmites australis). With the increased risk of erosion from coastal storms exposing the once-buried peat deposits, and the challenge of controlling an aggressive invasive species, this dynamic system faces an uncertain future. The research findings from this study will inform future conservation efforts in the region as well as provide a deeper understanding of carbon cycling in coastal dunes. Information here. Registration is required. Tickets: http://support.neaq.org/site/Calendar?id=107028&view=Detail. 20170330T190000 20170330T210000 +42.359131;-71.049581 Simons IMAX Theatre @ 1 Central Wharf, Boston, MA 02110, USA 0 New England Aquarium Lecture: Invasive Species and Carbon Cycling in Coastal Dunes of Cape Cod external thumbnail;http://oceans.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Screen-Shot-2017-03-15-at-2.35.23-PM-150x150.png;150;150;1,medium;http://oceans.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Screen-Shot-2017-03-15-at-2.35.23-PM-300x300.png;300;300;1,large;http://oceans.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Screen-Shot-2017-03-15-at-2.35.23-PM.png;604;606;,full;http://oceans.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Screen-Shot-2017-03-15-at-2.35.23-PM.png;794;796; lecture,new england aquarium http://support.neaq.org/site/Calendar?id=107028&view=Detail 20170331T100000-n91e8qdrst0dg1c0kqh59dudk0@google.com 20180502T144721Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry 20170331T100000 20170331T110000 Building E25, Room 119 0 No COG3 Seminar – Spring Break 57hjisf2ast4n5lo5fa2tplfmg@google.com 20180502T144721Z Title: Monsoon circulations and tropical heterogeneous chlorine chemistry in the stratosphere Abstract: This seminar presents novel findings that expand the range of latitudes over which heterogeneous chemistry operates in the stratosphere. It has long been thought that heterogeneous chlorine chemistry would only be important in the Antarctic and Arctic. Our new work shows that tropical heterogeneous chemistry is also important. Transport processes associated with the summer monsoons bring increased abundances of hydrochloric acid into contact with liquid sulfate aerosols in the cold tropical lowermost stratosphere, leading to heterogeneous chemical activation of chlorine species. The calculations indicate that the spatial and seasonal distributions of chlorine monoxide and chlorine nitrate near the monsoon regions of the northern hemisphere tropical and subtropical lowermost stratosphere could provide indicators of heterogeneous chlorine processing. In the model, these processes impact the local ozone budget and decrease ozone abundances, implying a chemical contribution to longer-term northern tropical ozone profile changes at 16-19 km. 20170403T120000 20170403T130000 Ida Green Lounge (9th Floor), Building 54, Cambridge, MA, United States 0 PAOC Colloquium – Susan Solomon (MIT) 9h0jovectfkaab2napoa62gnkk@google.com 20180502T144721Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20170404T150500 20170404T160500 Clark 507 0 Joseph LaCasce, University of Oslo. ‘The vertical structure of Rossby waves’. Clark 507 gva7pvgq40gn82og8h8hrmoqug@google.com 20180502T144721Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch High-resolution observations of internal wave induced turbulence in the deep ocean An overview is presented of high-resolution temperature observations above underwater topography in the deep, generally stably stratified ocean. The Eulerian mooring technique is used to monitor temperature variations by typically 100 sensors distributed over lines between 40 and 400 m long. The independent sensors sample at a rate of 1 Hz for up to one year with a precision better than 0.1 mK. This precision and sampling rate are sufficient to resolve the large, energy containing turbulent eddies and all of the internal waves and their breaking above underwater topography. Such underwater wave breaking is the key mechanism for the redistribution of nutrients and heat (to maintain the ocean stably stratified), and the resuspension of sediment. Under conditions of tight temperature-density relationship, the temperature data are used to quantify turbulent overturns. These observations show two distinctive turbulence processes that are associated with different phases of a large-scale, mainly tidal, internal gravity wave: i) highly nonlinear turbulent bores during the upslope propagating phase, and ii) Kelvin-Helmholtz billows, at some distance above the slope, during the downslope phase. While the former may be associated in part with convective turbulent overturning following Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities, the latter are mainly related to shear-induced instabilities. Under weaker stratified conditions, away from boundaries, free convective mixing appears more often, but a clear inertial subrange in temperature spectra is indicative of dominant shear-induced turbulence. With stratification, turbulence is seen to increase in dissipation rate and diffusivity all the way to the bottom, which challenges the idea of a homogeneous bottom boundary layer. With a newly developed five-lines mooring, the transition from isotropy (full turbulence) to anisotropy (stratified turbulence/internal waves) is revealed. 20170405T120000 20170405T130000 54-915 0 SLS — Hans van Haren (NIOZ) tot9eichmksah1fe1rdk1hha2c@google.com 20180502T144721Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Microbiology of the anoxic pelagic ocean: emerging insights from contemporary oxygen minimum zones Dr. Frank Stewart Georgia Institute of Technology Abstract 20170406T120000 20170406T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Frank Stewart 20170407T100000-n91e8qdrst0dg1c0kqh59dudk0@google.com 20180502T144721Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry Biostratigraphy and Glaciations in the Neoproterozoic: Updates from Re-Os geochronology Sedimentary strata from the Neoproterozoic Era (1000-541 Ma) host evidence for widespread glaciations, major fluctuations in geochemical proxy records, and numerous biological innovations associated with the diversification of eukaryotes that culminated with the emergence of Metazoans. Understanding the drivers and rates of change through this critical transition has been limited by the lack of a robust chronology. Here I will present multiple new Re-Os and U-Pb geochronology data from Neoproterozoic strata in an attempt to refine global correlation schemes and further constrain this critical interval of Earth history. 20170407T100000 20170407T110000 Building E25, Room 119 0 COG3 Seminar – Alan Rooney (Yale) ps62uqj5u3l3rd2j279gq5shvc@google.com 20180502T144721Z Title: Can we finally balance the marine nitrogen budget? Abstract: The marine fixed nitrogen budget is widely thought to be out of balance, losing enough bio-available nitrogen that the oceans would be devoid of life within 3,000 years. But is such a apocalyptic scenario realistic? Surely not. This talk will present nuances of the cycling of marine nitrogen, expanding specifically on the anaerobic metabolisms within the oxygen deficient “shadow” zones of the ocean. I’ll present a hypothesis for attempting to balance the nitrogen budget calculation by incorporation of a novel but potentially significant pathway: anaerobic nitrite oxidation. This metabolism would further help resolve another long-standing debate among the nitrogen community, i.e., the respective roles of anammox and denitrification in regulating fixed nitrogen loss. In all, a lunchtime full of nitrogen is to be expected. 20170410T120000 20170410T130000 Ida Green Lounge (9th Floor), Building 54, Cambridge, MA, United States 0 PAOC Colloquium: Andrew Babbin, EAPS MIT 89gv4i0rhdeo0bse4sf5f2elmg@google.com 20180502T144721Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20170411T150500 20170411T160500 Clark 507 0 Thomas Kilpatrick, SIO. ‘Satellite observations of convection–wind coupling’. Clark 507 herj10d2s4ks4mlk4tl3p2i95o@google.com 20180502T144721Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Multi-scale physical-biological interactions with harmful algal populations Dr. Lourdes Velo-Suárez Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, CNRS (French National Center for Scientific Research) Abstract 20170413T120000 20170413T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Lourdes Velo-Suárez 20170414T100000-n91e8qdrst0dg1c0kqh59dudk0@google.com 20180502T144721Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry The What, When, Where, and Why of Supereruptions Supereruptions are gigantic volcanic eruptions (�450 km^3 of magma) the likes of which we have never witnessed. Yet, this does not mean that we will never experience one. Such enormous eruptions have the potential to wreak havoc on life, infrastructure, travel, and the environment. Consequently, it is critical that we study past supereruptions to understand how, when, where, and why one might happen in the future. In addition, supereruption deposits are evidence that large volumes of magma existed in the crust multiple times in Earth’s history; thus, studying these systems can inform on the magmatic construction of Earth’s crust. In this talk, I will address several outstanding and strongly debated questions regarding supereruptive systems: Where in the crust do these magmas reside? What shape do they take? How long do they persist in the crust before erupting? When, why, and over what timescales does the eruptive process occur? How are the giant volumes of crystal-poor high-silica rhyolite magma involved in supereruptions generated? Answering these questions is important both for practical reasons (e.g., hazards preparation and mitigation) and intellectual ones (e.g., understanding crustal processes). To address these questions, I combine information from multiple scales and perspectives (field studies, geochemistry, textural relations of crystals in rocks and melt inclusions in crystals, geochronology, geobarometry, phase-equilibria modeling, and diffusion modeling). Results from this work suggest that we can make some broad generalizations about supereruptive systems, but these systems have notable variability as well (e.g., their shape in the crust). This work also illustrates the power in using a multi-faceted, multi-disciplinary approach to addressing questions in the Earth Sciences. 20170414T100000 20170414T110000 Building E25, Room 119 0 COG3 Seminar – Ayla Pamucku (Princeton) gqmj288uuud086l5qkrkenescs@google.com 20180502T144721Z 20170417T120000 20170417T130000 0 Patriots day vacation: No PAOC Colloquium j6njfjc73iuk9abfq9qde001tg@google.com 20180502T144721Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20170418T150500 20170418T160500 Clark 507 0 Allan Clarke, FSU. ‘On the relationship of near-surface flow, Stokes drift and wind stress’. Clark 507 asmkr42urnv29bn7kehvf58q8s@google.com 20180502T144721Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Oceanography and Climate Sack Lunch Modeling iceberg drift and decay in modern and glacial climates Under global warming, the calving of icebergs into the polar oceans is expected to increase. As a result, the role that icebergs play in Earth's climate system has received a recent surge of interest, and efforts are underway to explicitly represent icebergs in GCMs. A better understanding of how icebergs drift and decay will help facilitate an accurate representation of icebergs and guide the interpretation of GCM results. In this talk I will present an idealized analytical model that we developed to aid this effort. I will use the model to address (i) which climate model variables are most important to accurately model iceberg evolution and (ii) whether climate models do a good job simulating these variables. I then will turn to episodes of massive iceberg discharge, called Heinrich Events, which occurred during the last glacial period. These events are believed to have had large-scale impacts on the global climate system. However, modeling icebergs that lived and melted more than 10,000 years ago comes with its own challenges, as we will see. 20170419T120000 20170419T130000 54-915 0 SLS — Till Wagner (Scripps) 5b6evueqgene0f1j1g65v0ti9s@google.com 20180502T144721Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography New Paradigms in Microbial Sulfur Metabolism Dr. Karthik Anantharaman Postdoctoral Scholar University of California, Berkeley Abstract 20170420T120000 20170420T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Khartik Anantharaman 20170421T100000-n91e8qdrst0dg1c0kqh59dudk0@google.com 20180502T144721Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry The role of grain size on the seismic structure of the oceanic upper mantle and melt migration beneath midocean ridges Grain size is a key microstructural property of the Earth's mantle, because it influences rheology, deformation mode (e.g., diffusion vs. dislocation creep), seismic attenuation and wave-speeds, electrical conductivity, and the permeability of the mantle to melt migration. In this talk I will discuss models for grain size evolution in the oceanic upper that combine composite grain-size dependent rheology with the Wattmeter [Austin & Evans, 2007] model for how grain size changes in response to the evolving deformation field. These results will be interpreted in the context of the seismic low velocity zone beneath the ocean basins and the origin of the lithosphere asthenosphere boundary. Finally, I will discuss the implications of grain size variability on the patterns of melt migration beneath mid-ocean ridges and subduction zones and show the results of preliminary two-phase flow models that couple melt migration with the predicted grain-size field. 20170421T100000 20170421T110000 Building E25, Room 119 0 COG3 Seminar – Mark Behn (WHOI) t046l603eq5d44tkp0v760gue8@google.com 20180502T144721Z A new perspective on an old problem: understanding the observed variability of the South Asian monsoon Recent theoretical advances indicate that the South Asian monsoon (SAM) should be viewed as an energetically-direct cross-equatorial Hadley circulation, with the monsoonal precipitation primarily occurring in its ascending branch, rather than as a large land-sea breeze circulation. In this talk, we explore the implications of these emerging theories for the observed variability of the SAM on seasonal and longer time scales. We start by using the atmospheric moisture budget to introduce a novel objective index for the onset and retreat of the SAM, which robustly captures the expected seasonal transitions in precipitation and winds and eliminates the need for arbitrarily selected thresholds. Using this index, we show how the SAM onset and retreat are associated with a coherent set of seasonal transitions in circulation, jet streams, precipitation, energetics, and momentum balance throughout the SAM sector. We also use the atmospheric moisture budget to define a new index for the SAM strength on interannual time scales. We show that interannual variability in SAM net precipitation is primarily caused by variations in winds rather than variations in humidity, and that strong monsoons are associated with a northward expansion of the overturning circulation and a decreased near-surface land-sea thermal contrast, in disagreement with the traditional view of the SAM as a sea-breeze circulation. We also find teleconnections between SAM strength and temperatures, winds, and momentum and energy transports in the southern hemisphere extra tropics, which suggest new directions for future research to improve our understanding of the mechanisms involved in SAM variability. 20170424T120000 20170424T130000 54-915 0 PAOC Colloquium: Simona Bordoni (Caltech) dcvaefdedl9v3knqs5dl1celbo@google.com 20180502T144721Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), also known as the doldrums, is the area just north of the equator where the northeast and southeast trade winds converge. We discuss the role of the ocean in pushing the ITCZ northwards away from the equator and in modulating its meridional migrations. 20170425T150500 20170425T160500 Clark 507 0 John Marshall, MIT. ‘Inter-hemispheric asymmetries in climate: Oceans and the Inter-tropical Convergence Zone’. Clark 507 20170428T100000-n91e8qdrst0dg1c0kqh59dudk0@google.com 20180502T144721Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry Why magma stall in the Earth’s crust? The emplacement depth of magmas plays a key role in determining the chemical stratification of the crust, and on the probability of magma to reach the surface to feed volcanic eruptions. While mechanical discontinuities within the crust have been shown to lead to the arrest of propagating dykes, in a section of a volcanic island arc in Kohistan, the depth of emplacement of granitoids does not seem to correspond to any particular mechanical discontinuity. I will focus on the evolution of crystallinity and temperature as function of magma chemistry and depth to show how magma chemistry can strongly affect the depth at which magma stall in the crust to form magma reservoirs. 20170427T100000 20170427T110000 Building 54, Room 915 0 COG3 Seminar – Luca Caricchi (University of Geneva) 2umjefanmpiuh12g27hfr4acp4@google.com 20180502T144721Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography The dark side of the ocean: understanding the microbiome of the ocean’s aphotic realm Dr. Maria Pachiadaki Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences Abstract 20170427T120000 20170427T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Maria Pachiadaki 4m78i0hvt3vuqsl9qd3hqonuhk@google.com 20180502T144721Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Novel insights into harmful algal bloom ecology through deployments of robotic in situ biosensors Dr. Michael L. Brosnahan Visiting Investigator, Biology Department Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Abstract 20170501T120000 20170501T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Michael L. Brosnahan 20170502T150500-02mm6q7uplh244fa4f7at8slfk_R20170502T190500@google.com 20180502T144721Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20170502T150500 20170502T160500 Clark 507 0 Jack Whitehead, WHOI. ‘Dimensions of continents and oceans – water has carved a perfect cistern’. Clark 507 02mm6q7uplh244fa4f7at8slfk@google.com 20180502T144721Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20170502T150500 20170502T160500 Clark 507 FREQ=WEEKLY;UNTIL=20170502T190459Z;BYDAY=TU 0 OPEN 02mm6q7uplh244fa4f7at8slfk_R20170502T190500@google.com 20180502T144721Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20170502T150500 20170502T160500 20170502T150500 20170509T150500 20170516T150500 Clark 507 FREQ=WEEKLY;UNTIL=20170530T190459Z;BYDAY=TU 0 Reserved. vulj98h6p78vouutf2ol16b9uk@google.com 20180502T144721Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography 20170504T120000 20170504T130000 0 No Bioseminar Today 20170505T100000-n91e8qdrst0dg1c0kqh59dudk0@google.com 20180502T144722Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry 20170505T100000 20170505T110000 Building E25, Room 119 0 COG3 Seminar – No Seminar 20170509T150500-02mm6q7uplh244fa4f7at8slfk_R20170502T190500@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20170509T150500 20170509T160500 Clark 507 0 Viviane Menezes, WHOI. ‘Air-Sea Interaction, Water Mass Formation and Ocean Circulation — From warm-salty (Red Sea) to cold-fresh waters (Southern Ocean)’. Clark 507 36u65tqgprfiaungp82o6bngjs@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Collective phenomena in living matter - a case study on emperor penguins Dr. Daniel Zitterbart Postdoctoral Scholar Applied Ocean Physics & Engineering Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Abstract 20170511T121500 20170511T131500 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Daniel Zitterbart 20170512T100000-n91e8qdrst0dg1c0kqh59dudk0@google.com 20180502T144722Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry Identifying Traces of Primitive Life in Ancient Rocks The early life fossil record is based upon a limited number of often controversial graphitic microfossils. The main complication resides in the poor preservation of organic biosignatures in the (meta)sedimentary rock record. Biodegradation and fossilization processes, as well as the increase of temperature and pressure conditions during diagenesis and metamorphism inevitably alter the original biochemical signatures of organic molecules. Thus, at a certain stage, biogenic and abiotic organics may become very difficult to distinguish. During this talk, I will show how combining characterization of natural samples using advanced spectroscopic techniques (STXM-based XANES & Raman microspectroscopies) and simulation of fossilization processes in the laboratory sheds new light on the potential preservation of microorganism molecular biosignatures in ancient rocks. 20170512T100000 20170512T110000 Building E25, Room 119 0 COG3 Seminar – Julien Alleon (MIT) o78sv9b1rrjbpf94egm1pvc3d4@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Ms. Alexis Fischer Ph.D. Candidate, WHOI Biology Department Dissertation Defense 20170512T133000 20170512T143000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Ms. Alexis Fischer gvl9cjpdltk6bgnu6rnhjbeqng@google.com 20180502T144722Z Title: Western Boundary Currents in a Changing Climate Abstract: Western boundary currents—such as the Agulhas Current in the Indian Ocean—carry heat poleward, moderating Earth’s climate and fuelling the mid-latitude storm tracks. They could exacerbate or mitigate warming and extreme weather events in the future, depending on their response to anthropogenic climate change. Climate models show an ongoing poleward expansion and intensification of the global wind systems, most robustly in the Southern Hemisphere, and linear dynamical theory suggests that western boundary currents will intensify and shift poleward as a result. Observational evidence of such changes comes from accelerated warming and air–sea heat flux rates within all western boundary currents, which are two or three times faster than global mean rates. Here we show that, despite these expectations, the Agulhas Current has not intensified since the early 1990s. Instead, we find that it has broadened as a result of more eddy activity. Recent analyses of other western boundary currents—the Kuroshio and East Australia currents—hint at similar trends. These results indicate that intensifying winds may be increasing the eddy kinetic energy of boundary currents, rather than their mean flow. This could act to decrease poleward heat transport while increasing cross-frontal exchange of heat (and nutrients and pollutants) between the coastal ocean and the deep ocean. Sustained in situ measurements are needed to properly understand the role of these current systems in a changing climate. 20170515T120000 20170515T130000 54-915 0 PAOC Colloquium: Lisa Beal (RSMAS: U Miami) flstovv4lnrvgo4mdv6gd931qg@google.com 20180502T144722Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry The origin of the eukaryote cell Eukaryotes have a fundamentally different cell structure from bacteria and archaea, and possibly evolved from the latter. This possibility: an archaeal origin of eukaryotes has been a bit of a distraction in that it has led to models that try and explain eukaryote origins from modern archaea lacking any eukaryotic features. In this talk I will summarise what we know about eukaryote origins, and argue that ways of thinking now more common in palaeontology can help us to understand eukaryote origins. By focusing on known biological processes, and ecological drivers, key events in the origin of eukaryotes can be understood without needing to appeal to special or rare events. 20170516T100000 20170516T110000 Building 54, Room 915 0 COG3 Seminar – Anthony Poole (The University of Auckland) 20170516T150500-02mm6q7uplh244fa4f7at8slfk_R20170502T190500@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20170516T150500 20170516T160500 Clark 507 0 Robert Todd, WHOI. ‘New views of the Gulf Stream’. Clark 507 fk5ja28aab6c21d6k2igk755nk@google.com 20180502T144722Z MIT Seminar | PAOC Chemical Oceanography and Biogeochemistry 20170518T100000 20170518T110000 Building 54, Room 915 0 COG3 Seminar – Cathy Busby (UCSB) omn3uftf5itvjiuth72obmn2s4@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Avenues of coral acclimatization in response to rapid environmental change Dr. Hollie M. Putnam Assistant Professor Department of Biological Sciences University of Rhode Island Abstract 20170518T120000 20170518T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Hollie M. Putnam tppvk273p2r05lu0r0cm8ogbl4@google.com 20180502T144722Z Role of Seasonal Transitions and the Westerlies on the Rainfall Climate of East Asia The East Asian Summer Monsoon is unique amongst summer monsoonal systems in in northward extent as well as in its complex seasonality, exhibiting dynamically distinct rainfall stages and abrupt transitions between them. Previous studies have alluded to the seasonally-varying downstream influence of the westerlies flowing around the Tibetan Plateau as central to the rainfall seasonality. I propose a hypothesis that the East Asian summer rainfall variability and change arise through modulation in the meridional position of the westerlies impinging on the Plateau, which in turn altered the timing and duration of its seasonal transitions. The viability of this hypothesis is demonstrated through examples from observed modern-day variability and from paleoclimatic changes. I will end with a discussion on the basic ingredients controlling East Asian summer monsoon seasonality. 20170522T120000 20170522T130000 0 PAOC Colloquium: John Chiang, UC Berkeley 20170523T150500-02mm6q7uplh244fa4f7at8slfk_R20170502T190500@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20170523T150500 20170523T160500 Clark 507 0 Nick Beaird, WHOI. ‘Production, Export, and Oceanic Impacts of Greenland’s glacial meltwater’. Clark 201 01cvc1g9jpi15sm2e4kup01gmc@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Pint of Science Dr. Stephanie Jenouvrier Associate Scientist, WHOI Biology Department Influence of dispersal processes on the global dynamics of the Emperor penguin, a species threatened by climate change Dr. Carin Ashjian Senior Scientist, WHOI Biology Department Mesozooplankton are not herbivores: the importance of microzooplankton in mesozooplankton diets Abstract 20170525T153000 20170525T163000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Pint of Science s2q2or0gn8g18vb04ugd3hu2c8@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Dante’s 9th Circle of Hell is Ice (a fact that is not unrelated to the study of light and algae in polar ocean ecosystems) Dr. Samuel R. Laney Associate Scientist WHOI Biology Department Abstract 20170530T120000 20170530T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Samuel R. Laney 02mm6q7uplh244fa4f7at8slfk_R20170530T190500@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20170530T150500 20170530T160500 20170613T150500 20170627T150500 20170704T150500 20170711T150500 20171226T150500 Clark 507 FREQ=WEEKLY;UNTIL=20171226T200500Z;BYDAY=TU 0 OPEN 20170530T150500-02mm6q7uplh244fa4f7at8slfk_R20170530T190500@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20170530T150500 20170530T160500 Clark 507 0 Ruth Musgrave, MIT. ‘ The generation of Rossby waves and wake eddies by small islands’. Clark 507 tm94g0t9lu61us095noc5f534g@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography A statistical problem concerning the historical Jesus Dr. Andrew Solow Senior Scientist and Director Marine Policy Center, WHOI Abstract 20170601T120000 20170601T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Andrew Solow 20170606T150500-02mm6q7uplh244fa4f7at8slfk_R20170530T190500@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20170606T150500 20170606T160500 Clark 507 0 Christopher Piecuch, AER. ‘A Bayesian Perspective on Recent Mean Sea Level Changes along the United States East Coast’. Clark 507 bbulb7tajailsp5rpcel7qqetk@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Coastal pollution, next-generation sequencing, and the evolution of marine populations Dr. Jon Puritz Postdoctoral Research Associate Northeastern University Abstract 20170608T120000 20170608T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Jon Puritz 0o6l8uh32k8iu2p22cd5ggjhks@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography I will demonstrate the tools that allow to perform analytic, i.e. mathematically rigorous, proofs of chaos in various models. This includes the proof of the birth of the Lorenz attractor in the Lorenz model. In future, the further development of such tools and criteria will be very useful for the study of applied problems. 20170608T140500 20170608T150500 Clark 201 0 Ivan Ovsyannikov, U. Bremen. ‘Analytic proof of chaotic regimes in dynamical models’. Clark 271 bminvuuk1b0rka91ashk6g2lu4@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Making MSE algorithms 'user friendly' - the a4a standard MSE Ernesto Jardim, Finlay Scott and Iago Mosqueira European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy Abstract **Sponsored by NMFS/NEFSC, CINAR, and WHOI Biology Department** 20170612T100000 20170612T110000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Ernesto Jardim, Finlay Scott and Iago Mosqueira iefqf67ftj7cgfcdjlu9ueutu8@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Paulik revisited: Statistical framework and estimation performance of multistage recruitment functions Liz Brooks Northeast Fisheries Science Center, NOAA, Woods Hole, MA Abstract **Sponsored by NMFS/NEFSC, CINAR, and WHOI Biology Department** 20170613T100000 20170613T110000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Liz Brooks ekep1sp13fpgdbgt2q6a6t0r60@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Causal Drivers of Barents Sea Capelin Population Dynamics on Different Time Scales Sam Subbey Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway Abstract **Sponsored by NMFS/NEFSC, CINAR, and WHOI Biology Department** 20170613T133000 20170613T143000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Sam Subbey 20170613T150500-02mm6q7uplh244fa4f7at8slfk_R20170530T190500@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20170613T150500 20170613T160500 Clark 201 0 Georgy Manucharyan, CalTech. ‘The role of mesoscale eddies in the Ekman-driven variability of the Beaufort Gyre’. Clark 201 1496843675295@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Process studies to quantify ecosystem dynamics in the California Current Brian Wells Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA, Santa Cruz, California Abstract **Sponsored by NMFS/NEFSC. CINAR, and WHOI Biology Department** 20170614T120000 20170614T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Brian Wells nqstnj8au5ru9f33enq8q3o9to@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Ecology and evolution of Prochlorococcusviewed through the lens of marine nitrogen cycling Dr. Paul M. Berube Research Scientist Massachusetts Institute of Technology Abstract 20170615T120000 20170615T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Paul M. Berube 20170620T150500-02mm6q7uplh244fa4f7at8slfk_R20170530T190500@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography Observations show that the upper ocean has been warming since the 1970s, and it is usually attributed to global warming that is associated with the increasing concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The global ocean is implicitly considered as a passive heat reservoir, and it is assumed that the ocean was in equilibrium with the atmosphere before the anthropogenic global warming had occurred. However, the global ocean is a dynamically active heat exchanger involving processes of various temporal and spatial scales and has a memory of thousands of years. Not only the heat exchange between ocean and atmosphere but the vertical heat flux passing the lower face of the upper ocean contribute to the changes in the observed upper ocean heat content. In this talk, I will present the mean and the bidecadal change of the ocean vertical heat flux as well as the related physical processes from a dynamically consistent and data-constrained ocean state estimate - ECCO (Estimating the Circulation & Climate of the Ocean). Implications of the vertical redistribution of ocean heat on the changes of the upper and deep ocean heat contents, particularly the recently much-debated global warming "hiatus", will also be discussed. 20170620T150500 20170620T160500 Clark 507 0 Xinfeng Liang, U. South Florida. ‘Vertical Redistribution of the Global Oceanic Heat Content’. Clark 507 imq5slu016d692hdj362g90ih8@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Integrating multiple techniques to study pinniped diets: a tale of two species Mr. Keith M. Hernandez Graduate Student Dept. of Oceanography & Coastal Sciences Louisiana State University Abstract 20170621T120000 20170621T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Mr. Keith M. Hernandez k48kjln2o9ea2n54b18jrvcrj8@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Model systems for marine mixotrophs: bridging lab, field, and theory Dr. Matthew Johnson Associate Scientist WHOI Biology Department Abstract 20170622T120000 20170622T130000 0 Dr. Matthew Johnson 20170627T150500-02mm6q7uplh244fa4f7at8slfk_R20170530T190500@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20170627T150500 20170627T160500 Clark 507 0 Alison Macdonald, WHOI. ‘A 2011-2015 Fukushima Tracer Perspective on North Pacific Mode Water Circulation’. Clark 507 s1f4qds90mgc2focbfpsknse1g@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography Biomass estimates of euphausiids in the Georges Bank region from 1999 – 2012 Dr. Michael Jech Research Fishery Biologist NOAA/Northeast Fisheries Science Center Abstract 20170628T121500 20170628T131500 NEFSC Stephen H. Clark Conference Room, NOAA Aquarium Building 0 Dr. Michael Jech lmjnv96q4mk8liuhsh1vpkc4vs@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography 20170629T120000 20170629T130000 0 No Bioseminar Today lkesstjn8205ioc4aknguoemgo@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20170706T020500 20170706T030500 0 Takashi Ijichin, University of Tokyo. ‘Evaluation of mixing coefficients in the deep ocean’. Clark 201 mvfqhaiecidnn26gavuqdin224@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography 20170706T120000 20170706T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Peter Tyack 20170711T150500-02mm6q7uplh244fa4f7at8slfk_R20170530T190500@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20170711T150500 20170711T160500 Clark 507 0 Tom Farrar, WHOI. ‘TBD’. Clark 507 jaq2g6n73ljmhg1513qu8ue7d0@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography TBA Dr. John Hare Northeast Fisheries Science Center NOAA 20170713T120000 20170713T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Jon Hare – NOAA 20170718T150500-02mm6q7uplh244fa4f7at8slfk_R20170530T190500@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20170718T150500 20170718T160500 Clark 507 0 Andreas Thurnherr, LDEO. ‘TBD’. Clark 507 unk3p7n7ijrva84ftaci6o06ng@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography TBA Dr. Dale Kiefer 20170720T120000 20170720T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Dale Kiefer uuvh70g3tlchlo4hdgv7ckruvs@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20170720T140500 20170720T150500 0 Lisa Beal, U. Miami. ‘TBD’. Clark 201. g7mfpftpqlt6vjckbuh92a0te8@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography TBA 20170727T120000 20170727T130000 0 Dr. Caroline Ummenhoffer bkm5rpdofo7qrkm5dlv8r374io@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20170727T140500 20170727T150500 Clark 201 0 Christopher Wolfe, Stony Brook University. ‘TBD’. Clark 201 20170801T150500-02mm6q7uplh244fa4f7at8slfk_R20170530T190500@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Physical Oceanography 20170801T150500 20170801T160500 Clark 507 0 Alexey Fedorov, Yale University. ‘TBD’. Clark 507 rg70gamr6b466doait2cpfdslk@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography TBA 20170810T120000 20170810T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 MIT International Science & Technology Inititative bpcjoqpsnsjdpnggspqu79rs50@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography TBA 20170817T120000 20170817T130000 0 Dr. Andrew Solow n1f1j3s5oihqdg0je32oicgn4s@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography TBA Dr. Anne Cohem 20170824T120000 20170824T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Anne Cohen v97rftdk6jatf3qkmjtmquq4i8@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography 20170831T120000 20170831T130000 0 No Bioseminar Today 1496258289478@google.com 20180502T144722Z 20170911T120000 20170911T130000 20170925T120000 20171002T120000 20171009T120000 20171016T120000 20171023T120000 20171030T120000 20171106T120000 20171113T120000 20171120T120000 20171211T120000 20171218T120000 Ida Green Lounge FREQ=WEEKLY;COUNT=15;BYDAY=MO 0 PAOC Colloquium ai1ec-827531@oceans.mit.edu 20180502T144722Z Special Events MIT's Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences; https://eapsweb.mit.edu/what-do-hurricanes-harvey-and-irma-portend [caption id="attachment_827533" align="aligncenter" width="576"] Kerry Emanuel: What Do Hurricanes Harvey and Irma Portend?[/caption] Speaker: Kerry A. Emanuel, Cecil & Ida Green Professor of Atmospheric Science, Co-Director of the Lorenz Center Date: Wednesday, September 20, 4:00pm to 5:00pm Location: MIT Campus, 54-100 Special Lecture: "What Do Hurricanes Harvey and Irma Portend?" Natural disasters are the result of the interaction of a natural phenomenon with human beings and their built environments. Globally and in the U.S., large increases in coastal populations are causing corresponding increases in hurricane damage and these are now being compounded by rising sea levels and changing storm characteristics owing to anthropogenic climate change. In this talk, I will describe projections of changing hurricane activity over the rest of this century and what such projections tell us about how the probabilities of hurricanes like Harvey and Irma have already changed and are likely to continue to do so. About the Speaker Kerry Emanuel is a prominent meteorologist and climate scientist who specializes in moist convection in the atmosphere, and tropical cyclones. His research interests focus on tropical meteorology and climate, with a specialty in hurricane physics. His interests also include cumulus convection, the role of clouds, water vapor, and upper-ocean mixing in regulation of climate, and advanced methods of sampling the atmosphere in aid of numerical weather prediction. Emanuel received an S.B. degree in Earth and Planetary Sciences and a Ph.D. in Meteorology (1978) both from MIT. After completing his doctorate, he joined the faculty of the Atmospheric Sciences department of the University of California at Los Angeles where he remained for three years, with a brief hiatus filming tornadoes in Oklahoma and Texas. In 1981 he joined the faculty of the Department of Meteorology at MIT and was promoted to Full Professor in 1987 in what had since becomes the Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences (EAPS). In 1989 he assumed directorship of EAPS Center for Meteorology and Physical Oceanography, a post he held until 1997. Subsequently he chaired the EAPS Program in Atmospheres, Oceans, and Climate from 2009 to 2012. He is co-founder of the MIT Lorenz Center, a climate think tank which fosters creative approaches to learning how climate works. Professor Emanuel is the author or co-author of over 200 peer-reviewed scientific papers, and three books, including Divine Wind: The History and Science of Hurricanes, published by Oxford University Press, and What We Know about Climate Change, published by the MIT Press. 20170920T160000 20170920T170000 +42.360297;-71.089375 MIT, Cambridge, MA, Building 54-100 @ 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA 0 Special Lecture: What Do Hurricanes Harvey and Irma Portend? free atmosphere,climate change,cyclone,eaps,forecast,harvey,hurricane,irma,kerry emanuel,lorenz center,meteorolgy,modeling,ocean,paoc,prediction,sea level,storm,weather 20170925T120000-1496258289478@google.com 20180502T144722Z 20170925T120000 20170925T130000 Ida Green Lounge 0 PAOC Colloquium: Allison Wing 20171002T120000-1496258289478@google.com 20180502T144722Z 20171002T120000 20171002T130000 Ida Green Lounge 0 PAOC Colloquium: Bess Ward (Princeton) 5qb8gdvj6t7udros5nngp805no@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography TBA Dr. Gerhard Herndl University of Vienna 20171005T120000 20171005T130000 Redfield Auditorium 0 Dr. Gerhard Herndl 20171016T120000-1496258289478@google.com 20180502T144722Z 20171016T120000 20171016T130000 Ida Green Lounge 0 PAOC Colloquium: Lynne Talley (Scripps) 20171023T120000-1496258289478@google.com 20180502T144722Z 20171023T120000 20171023T130000 Ida Green Lounge 0 PAOC Colloquium: Yohai Kaspi u27r592mi3li27ero00go85ngg@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography 20171026T120000 20171026T130000 0 No Bioseminar today 20171030T120000-1496258289478@google.com 20180502T144722Z 20171030T120000 20171030T130000 Ida Green Lounge 0 PAOC Colloquium: Nathan Steiger (LDEO) s12uvp1lf3immsprvhiaio1kuc@google.com 20180502T144722Z WHOI Seminar | Biological Oceanography 20171102T120000 20171102T130000 0 Dr. Jennifer Francis – Rutgers University 20171106T120000-1496258289478@google.com 20180502T144722Z 20171106T120000 20171106T130000 Ida Green Lounge 0 PAOC Colloquium: Jim McWilliams (UCLA) 20171113T120000-1496258289478@google.com 20180502T144722Z 20171113T120000 20171113T130000 Ida Green Lounge 0 PAOC Colloquium: Clara Deser 20171120T120000-1496258289478@google.com 20180502T144722Z 20171120T120000 20171120T130000 Ida Green Lounge 0 PAOC Colloquium: Charles Ichoku 20171211T120000-1496258289478@google.com 20180502T144722Z 20171211T120000 20171211T130000 Ida Green Lounge 0 PAOC Colloquium: Alison Gray, Princeton University